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and last but not least

Толкование Перевод

1 por último pero no menos importante

= last but not least

Ex. Planning of national expenditure depends on number of vendors, on national serial output, and last but not least, on the amount of the yearly state budget allocation.

* * *

= last but not least

Ex: Planning of national expenditure depends on number of vendors, on national serial output, and last but not least, on the amount of the yearly state budget allocation.

Spanish-English dictionary > por último pero no menos importante
2 utensilio

m.

1 tool, implement (instrument).

utensilios de cocina cooking utensils

utensilios de pesca fishing tackle

2 utensil, device, gadget, implement.

* * *

utensilio

► nombre masculino

1 (herramienta) tool, utensil

2 (aparato) device, implement

* * *

SM (=herramienta) tool, implement; (Culin) utensil

con los utensilios de su oficio — with the tools of his trade

utensilios de cirujano — surgeon's instruments

utensilios de pintor — artist's materials

utensilios para escribir — writing materials

utensilios para pescar — fishing tackle sing

* * *

masculino ( instrumento) utensil; ( herramienta) tool

utensilios de cocina — kitchen o cooking utensils

utensilios de laboratorio — laboratory apparatus

utensilios de pesca — fishing tackle

* * *

= utensil, implement, gadget.

Ex. Chinese bronze utensils have been unearthed that not only provide data on China's ancient metallurgy, but also have inscriptions that are archival in nature.

Ex. Object language comprises all intentional and non-intentional display of material things, such as implements, machines, art objects, architectural structures, and last but not least, the human body and whatever clothes cover it.

Ex. The article is entitled 'Exhibits in the American Pavilion at the 1958 Brussels World's Fair: women's clothing, men's gadgets, hot dogs and haute couture'.

----

* objetos y utensilios de escritura = stationery.

* utensilio de cocina = kitchen utensil, cooking utensil.

* utensilio para ayudar a caminar = walking aid.

* utensilio para cortar = cutting tool.

* utensilio para servir = serving utensil.

* utensilios = gear.

* utensilios de cocina = kitchenware.

* utensilios de jardinería = garden implements.

* utensilios de plata = silverware.

* utensilios eléctricos = electrical appliances, appliances.

* utensilios para la cocina = cookware.

* * *

masculino ( instrumento) utensil; ( herramienta) tool

utensilios de cocina — kitchen o cooking utensils

utensilios de laboratorio — laboratory apparatus

utensilios de pesca — fishing tackle

* * *

= utensil, implement, gadget.

Ex: Chinese bronze utensils have been unearthed that not only provide data on China's ancient metallurgy, but also have inscriptions that are archival in nature.

Ex: Object language comprises all intentional and non-intentional display of material things, such as implements, machines, art objects, architectural structures, and last but not least, the human body and whatever clothes cover it.

Ex: The article is entitled 'Exhibits in the American Pavilion at the 1958 Brussels World's Fair: women's clothing, men's gadgets, hot dogs and haute couture'.

* objetos y utensilios de escritura = stationery.

* utensilio de cocina = kitchen utensil, cooking utensil.

* utensilio para ayudar a caminar = walking aid.

* utensilio para cortar = cutting tool.

* utensilio para servir = serving utensil.

* utensilios = gear.

* utensilios de cocina = kitchenware.

* utensilios de jardinería = garden implements.

* utensilios de plata = silverware.

* utensilios eléctricos = electrical appliances, appliances.

* utensilios para la cocina = cookware.

* * *

utensilio

masculine

(instrumento) utensil; (herramienta) tool

utensilios de cocina kitchen o cooking utensils

utensilios de laboratorio laboratory apparatus

utensilios de pesca fishing tackle

utensilios de jardinería gardening tools and equipment

* * *

utensilio sustantivo masculino ( instrumento) utensil;
( herramienta) tool;
◊ utensilios de cocina kitchen o cooking utensils;

utensilios de laboratorio laboratory apparatus;
utensilios de pesca fishing tackle
utensilio m (herramienta de labranza, de pesca, de costura) tool
(de uso frecuente) utensil

' utensilio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
matamoscas
- nivel
- peso
- abanico
- forjar
- fregona
- medida
- plancha
- plato
- recipiente
- regla
- tosco
- traste
English:
crude
- right-handed
- slice
- utensil

* * *

utensilio nm
[instrumento] tool, implement; [de cocina] utensil;
utensilios de limpieza cleaning equipment;

utensilios de pesca fishing tackle

* * *

utensilio

m tool; de cocina utensil;

utensilios pl equipment sg ;

utensilios de pesca pl fishing tackle sg

* * *

utensilio nm

: utensil, tool

* * *

utensilio n

1. (de cocina) utensil

2. (herramienta) tool

3. (de agricultura) implement

Spanish-English dictionary > utensilio
3 no intencional

adj.

not intentional.

* * *

(adj.) = non-intentional

Ex. Object language comprises all intentional and non-intentional display of material things, such as implements, machines, art objects, architectural structures, and last but not least, the human body and whatever clothes cover it cover it.' Through the use of these various languages then the superviso.

* * *

(adj.) = non-intentional

Ex: Object language comprises all intentional and non-intentional display of material things, such as implements, machines, art objects, architectural structures, and last but not least, the human body and whatever clothes cover it cover it.' Through the use of these various languages then the superviso.

Spanish-English dictionary > no intencional
4 implemento

m.

implement.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: implementar.

* * *

SM

1) (=herramienta) implement, tool

2) LAm means

* * *

masculino (AmL) tool, implement

implementos deportivos — sports equipment

* * *

= implement.

Ex. Object language comprises all intentional and non-intentional display of material things, such as implements, machines, art objects, architectural structures, and last but not least, the human body and whatever clothes cover it.

* * *

masculino (AmL) tool, implement

implementos deportivos — sports equipment

* * *

= implement.

Ex: Object language comprises all intentional and non-intentional display of material things, such as implements, machines, art objects, architectural structures, and last but not least, the human body and whatever clothes cover it.

* * *

implemento

masculine

( AmL)

tool, implement

implementos deportivos sports equipment

* * *

implemento nm

implement;
Am
implementos deportivos sports equipment

* * *

implemento

m implement

* * *

implemento nm

: implement, tool

Spanish-English dictionary > implemento
5 lenguaje de objetos

(n.) = object language

Ex. Object language comprises all intentional and non-intentional display of material things, such as implements, machines, art objects, architectural structures, and last but not least, the human body and whatever clothes cover it.

* * *

(n.) = object language

Ex: Object language comprises all intentional and non-intentional display of material things, such as implements, machines, art objects, architectural structures, and last but not least, the human body and whatever clothes cover it.

Spanish-English dictionary > lenguaje de objetos
6 технологии для автоматизации
1. automation technologies
технологии для автоматизации
-
[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Automation technologies: a strong focal point for our R&D

Технологии для автоматизации - одна из главных тем наших научно исследовательских разработок

Automation is an area of ABB’s business with an extremely high level of technological innovation.

Автоматика относится к одной из областей деятельности компании АББ, для которой характерен исключительно высокий уровень технических инноваций.

In fact, it may be seen as a showcase for exhibiting the frontiers of development in several of today’s emerging technologies, like short-range wireless communication and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).

В определенном смысле ее можно уподобить витрине, в которой выставлены передовые разработки из области только еще зарождающихся технологий, примерами которых являются ближняя беспроводная связь и микроэлектромеханические системы (micro electromechanical systems MEMS).

Mechatronics – the synthesis of mechanics and electronics – is another very exciting and rapidly developing area, and the foundation on which ABB has built its highly successful, fast-growing robotics business.

Еще одной исключительно интересной быстро развивающейся областью и в то же время фундаментом, на котором АББ в последнее время строит свой исключительно успешный и быстро расширяющийся бизнес в области робототехники, является мехатроника - синтез механики с электроникой.

Robotic precision has now reached the levels we have come to expect of the watch-making industry, while robots’ mechanical capabilities continue to improve significantly.

Точность работы робототехнических устройств достигла сегодня уровней, которые мы привыкли ожидать только на предприятиях часовой промышленности. Большими темпами продолжают расти и механические возможности роботов.

Behind the scenes, highly sophisticated electronics and software control every move these robots make.

А за кулисами всеми перемещениями робота управляют сложные электронные устройства и компьютерные программы.

Throughout industry today we see a major shift of ‘intelligence’ to lower levels in the automation system hierarchy, leading to a demand for more communication within the system.

Во всех отраслях промышленности сегодня наблюдается интенсивный перенос "интеллекта" на нижние уровни иерархии автоматизированных систем, что требует дальнейшего развития внутрисистемных средств обмена.

‘Smart’ transmitters, with powerful microprocessors, memory chips and special software, carry out vital operations close to the processes they are monitoring.

"Интеллектуальные" датчики, снабженные высокопроизводительными микропроцессорами, мощными чипами памяти и специальным программно-математическим обеспечением, выполняют особо ответственные операции в непосредственной близости от контролируемых процессов.

And they capture and store data crucial for remote diagnostics and maintenance.

Они же обеспечивают возможность измерения и регистрации информации, крайне необходимой для дистанционной диагностики и дистанционного обслуживания техники.

The communication highway linking such systems is provided by fieldbuses.

В качестве коммуникационных магистралей, связывающих такого рода системы, служат промышленные шины fieldbus.

In an ideal world there would be no more than a few, preferably just one, fieldbus standard.

В идеале на промышленные шины должно было бы существовать небольшое количество, а лучше всего вообще только один стандарт.

However, there are still too many of them, so ABB has developed ‘fieldbus plugs’ that, with the help of translation, enable devices to communicate across different standards.

К сожалению, на деле количество их типов продолжает оставаться слишком разнообразным. Ввиду этой особенности рынка промышленных шин компанией АББ разработаны "штепсельные разъемы", которые с помощью средств преобразования обеспечивают общение различных устройств вопреки границам, возникшим из-за различий в стандартах.

This makes life easier as well as less costly for our customers. Every automation system is dependent on an electrical network for distributing – and interrupting, when necessary – the power needed to carry out its various functions.

Это, безусловно, не только облегчает, но и удешевляет жизнь нашим заказчикам. Ни одна система автоматики не может работать без сети, обеспечивающей подачу, а при необходимости и отключение напряжения, необходимого для выполнения автоматикой своих задач.

Here, too, we see a clear trend toward more intelligence and communication, for example in traditional electromechanical devices such as contactors and switches.

И здесь наблюдаются отчетливо выраженные тенденции к повышению уровня интеллектуальности и расширению возможностей связи, например, в таких традиционных электромеханических устройствах, как контакторы и выключатели.

We are pleased to see that our R&D efforts in these areas over the past few years are bearing fruit.

Мы с удовлетворением отмечаем, что научно-исследовательские разработки, выполненные нами за последние годы в названных областях, начинают приносить свои плоды.

Recently, we have seen a strong increase in the use of wireless technology in industry.

В последнее время на промышленных предприятиях наблюдается резкое расширение применения техники беспроводной связи.

This is a key R&D area at ABB, and several prototype applications have already been developed.

В компании АББ эта область также относится к числу одной из ключевых тем научно-исследовательских разработок, результатом которых стало создание ряда опытных образцов изделий практического направления.

At the international Bluetooth Conference in Amsterdam in June 2002, we presented a truly ‘wire-less’ proximity sensor – with even a wireless power supply.

На международной конференции по системам Bluetooth, состоявшейся в Амстердаме в июне 2002 г., наши специалисты выступили с докладом о поистине "беспроводном" датчике ближней локации, снабженном опять-таки "беспроводным" источником питания.

This was its second major showing after the launch at the Hanover Fair.

На столь крупном мероприятии это устройство демонстрировалось во второй раз после своего первого показа на Ганноверской торгово-промышленной ярмарке.

Advances in microelectronic device technology are also having a profound impact on the power electronics systems around which modern drive systems are built.

Достижения в области микроэлектроники оказывают также глубокое влияние на системы силовой электроники, лежащие в основе современных приводных устройств.

The ABB drive family ACS 800 is visible proof of this.

Наглядным тому доказательством может служить линейка блоков регулирования частоты вращения электродвигателей ACS-800, производство которой начато компанией АББ.

Combining advanced trench gate IGBT technology with efficient cooling and innovative design, this drive – for motors rated from 1.1 to 500 kW – has a footprint for some power ranges which is six times smaller than competing systems.

Предназначены они для двигателей мощностью от 1,1 до 500 кВт. В блоках применена новейшая разновидность приборов - биполярные транзисторы с изолированным желобковым затвором (trench gate IGBT) в сочетании с новыми конструктивными решениями, благодаря чему в отдельных диапазонах мощностей габариты блоков удалось снизить по сравнению с конкурирующими изделиями в шесть раз.

To get the maximum benefit out of this innovative drive solution we have also developed a new permanent magnet motor.

Стремясь с максимальной пользой использовать новые блоки регулирования, мы параллельно с ними разработали новый двигатель с постоянными магнитами.

It uses neodymium iron boron, a magnetic material which is more powerful at room temperature than any other known today.

В нем применен новый магнитный материал на основе неодима, железа и бора, характеристики которого при комнатной температуре на сегодняшний день не имеют себе равных.

The combination of new drive and new motor reduces losses by as much as 30%, lowering energy costs and improving sustainability – both urgently necessary – at the same time.

Совместное использование нового блока регулирования частоты вращения с новым двигателем снижает потери мощности до 30 %, что позволяет решить сразу две исключительно актуальные задачи:
сократить затраты на электроэнергию и повысить уровень безотказности.

These innovations are utilized most fully, and yield the maximum benefit, when integrated by means of our Industrial IT architecture.

Потенциал перечисленных выше новых разработок используется в наиболее полной степени, а сами они приносят максимальную выгоду, если их интеграция осуществлена на основе нашей архитектуры IndustrialIT.

Industrial IT is a unique platform for exploiting the full potential of information technology in industrial applications.

IndustrialIT представляет собой уникальную платформу, позволяющую в максимальной степени использовать возможности информационных технологий применительно к задачам промышленности.

Consequently, our new products and technologies are Industrial IT Enabled, meaning that they can be integrated in the Industrial IT architecture in a ‘plug and produce’ manner.

Именно поэтому все наши новые изделия и технологии выпускаются в варианте, совместимом с архитектурой IndustrialIT, что означает их способность к интеграции с этой архитектурой по принципу "подключи и производи".

We are excited to present in this issue of ABB Review some of our R&D work and a selection of achievements in such a vital area of our business as Automation.

Мы рады представить в настоящем номере "АББ ревю" некоторые из наших научно-исследовательских разработок и достижений в такой жизненно важной для нашего бизнеса области, как автоматика.

R&D investment in our corporate technology programs is the foundation on which our product and system innovation is built.

Вклад наших разработок в общекорпоративные технологические программы группы АББ служит основой для реализации новых технических решений в создаваемых нами устройствах и системах.

Examples abound in the areas of control engineering, MEMS, wireless communication, materials – and, last but not least, software technologies. Enjoy reading about them.
[ABB Review]

Это подтверждается многочисленными примерами из области техники управления, микроэлектромеханических систем, ближней радиосвязи, материаловедения и не в последнюю очередь программотехники. Хотелось бы пожелать читателю получить удовольствие от чтения этих материалов.
[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- автоматизированные системы
EN
- automation technologies
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > технологии для автоматизации
7 шила в мешке не утаишь

посл.

lit. you can't hide an awl in a sack; cf. you can't hide an eel in a sack; what is done by night appears by day; murder will out

Золотилов. Взгляни ты на себя, на что ты стал похож. Ты изнурён, ты кашляешь, и кашляешь нехорошо. Наконец, милый друг, по пословице: шила в мешке не утаишь, - к нам отовсюду доходят слухи, что ты пьёшь. (А. Писемский, Горькая судьбина) — Zolotilov. Just look at yourself and see how you have changed. You are worn out: you are coughing, and coughing like a sick man. And last, but not least, my friend - as the saying goes, you can't hide an awl in a sack - rumours come to us from all quarters that you are drinking.

Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > шила в мешке не утаишь
8 И, наконец, что не менее важно...

General subject: and last but not least

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > И, наконец, что не менее важно...
9 pero1

= but.

Ex. Learning takes place in one environment but is put to work in another, and the learner is left to make the transition.

----

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.

* lo que es peor aun = worse still.

* no haber pero que valer = not take + no for an answer.

* pero a la vez = but then again.

* pero al mismo tiempo = but then again.

* pero no hubo manera = but no dice.

* pero no hubo modo = but no dice.

* pero no hubo suerte = but no dice.

* pero por otra parte = but then again.

* pero por otro lado = but then again.

* pero sin conseguirlo = but no dice.

* pero sin suerte = but no dice.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

Spanish-English dictionary > pero1
10 menos

adj.

1 less.

menos aire less air

menos manzanas fewer apples

menos… que… less/fewer… than…

tiene menos experiencia que tú she has less experience than you

hace menos calor que ayer it's not as hot as it was yesterday

hay dos libros de menos there are two books missing

me han dado 10 euros de menos they've given me 10 euros too little

2 the least.

el que compró menos acciones the one who bought the fewest shares

lo que menos tiempo llevó the thing that took the least time

la que menos nota sacó en el examen the girl who did (the) worst o got the worst marks in the exam

3 fewer.

adv.

1 less.

menos de/que less than

son menos de las diez it's not quite ten o'clock yet

2 minus (expresa resta).

tres menos dos igual a uno three minus two is one

3 to (con las horas). (peninsular Spanish, River Plate)

son las dos menos diez it's ten to two

son menos diez it's ten to

4 under.

prep.

1 except (for) (excepto).

todo menos eso anything but that

2 minus, less.

m. s.&pl.

minus (sign) (Mat).

* * *

menos

► adjetivo

1 (comparativo - en cantidad) less; (- en número) fewer

■ hoy hay menos gente there are fewer people today

■ viajar en tren cuesta menos dinero going by train costs less money

■ hay menos mesas que en el otro restaurante there are fewer tables than in the other restaurant

■ yo tengo menos años que tú I'm younger than you

2 (superlativo - de cantidad) least; (- de número) fewest

■ yo soy la que menos culpa tiene I'm the least guilty

► adverbio

1 (comparativo - de cantidad) less; (- de número) fewer

■ voy al gimnasio menos que antes I go to the gym less than before

■ vinieron menos de viente personas fewer than twenty people came

■ deberías ir menos deprisa you shouldn't go so fast

■ hay que conducir a menos de 100km/h one cannot drive over 100 km/h

2 (superlativo) least

■ es el menos guapo de toda la familia he's the least good-looking member of the family

3 (con horas) to

■ las tres menos cuarto a quarter to three

4 MATEMÁTICAS minus

■ cuatro menos dos, dos four minus two is two

► preposición

1 but, except

■ todo menos eso anything but that

■ todos fueron al cine menos Alberto everyone went to the cinema except Alberto

► pronombre

1 (cantidad) less; (número) fewer

■ me pagó menos he paid me less

■ esperaban a más de mil personas pero vinieron menos they were expecting over a thousand people but fewer came

► nombre masculino

1 MATEMÁTICAS minus sign

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a menos que unless

al menos / a lo menos at least

aún menos much less

cada vez menos less and less

dar (dinero) de menos to short-change

en menos de nada in no time at all

eso es lo de menos that's the least of my worries

ir a menos to go down in the world

lo menos at least

■ lo menos que puedes hacer the least you can do

menos da una piedra something's better than nothing

¡menos mal! thank God!

¡ni mucho menos! far from it!

no ser para menos to be no wonder

para no ser menos so as not to be outdone

por lo menos at least

por menos de nada for no reason at all

qué menos que...... is the least somebody could do/could have done

si al menos... if only...

venirse a menos to come down in the world

¡ya será menos! come off it!

* * *
1. noun m.
minus sign
2. adj.
1) less, least

2) fewer, fewest
3. adv.
1) less

2) least

•

- a menos que
- por lo menos 4. prep.
1) except

2) minus
5. pron.
less, fewer

* * *

1. ADV

1) [comparativo] less

ahora salgo menos — I go out less these days

últimamente nos vemos menos — we've been seeing less of each other recently

me gusta cada vez menos — I like it less and less

una película menos conocida — a less well-known film

Juan está menos deprimido — Juan is less depressed

es menos difícil de lo que parece — it's less difficult than it seems

• menos aún — even less

este me gusta menos aún — I like this one even less

• menos de — [con sustantivos incontables, medidas, dinero, tiempo] less than; [con sustantivos contables] fewer than

está a menos de tres horas en tren — it's less than three hours away by train

llegamos en menos de diez minutos — we got there in less than o in under ten minutes

menos de lo que piensas — less than you think

tiene menos de dieciocho años — he's under eighteen

menos de 50 cajas — fewer than 50 boxes

• en menos de nada — in no time at all

por menos de nada — for no reason at all

• menos que — less than

me gusta menos que el otro — I like it less than the other one

trabaja menos que yo — he doesn't work as hard as I do

este es menos caro que aquel — this one is less expensive than that one

lo hizo menos cuidadosamente que ayer — he did it less carefully than yesterday

2) [superlativo] least

su película menos innovadora — his least innovative film

es el menos inteligente de los cuatro — he is the least intelligent of the four

el chico menos desobediente de la clase — the least disobedient boy in the class

es el que habla menos — he's the one who talks (the) least

fue el que trabajó menos — he was the one who did the least work

3)

• al menos — at least

hay al menos cien personas — there are at least a hundred people

si al menos lloviera — if only it would rain

• de menos, hay siete de menos — we're seven short, there are seven missing

me dieron un paquete con medio kilo de menos — they gave me a packet which was half a kilo short o under weight

me han pagado dos libras de menos — they have underpaid me by two pounds

darse de menos — to underestimate o.s.

hacer a algn de menos — to put sb down

• echar de menos a algn — to miss sb

• ir a menos — to come down in the world

• lo menos diez — at least ten

lo menos posible — as little as possible

es lo menos que se puede esperar — it's the least one can expect

• eso es lo de menos — that's the least of it

• ¡menos mal! — thank goodness!

¡menos mal que habéis venido! — thank goodness you've come!

• era nada menos que un rey — he was a king, no less

• no es para menos — quite right too

• por lo menos — at least

• ¡ qué menos!, -le di un euro de propina -¡qué menos! — "I tipped her a euro" - "that was the least you could do!"

¿qué menos que darle las gracias? — the least we can do is say thanks!

• quedarse en menos, no se quedó en menos — he was not to be outdone

• tener a menos hacer algo — to consider it beneath o.s. to do sth

• venir a menos — to come down in the world

• y menos, no quiero verle y menos visitarle — I don't want to see him, let alone visit him

• ¡ ya será menos! — come off it!
cuando 2., 2), poder
2. ADJ

1) [comparativo] [con sustantivos incontables, medidas, dinero, tiempo] less; [con sustantivos contables] fewer

menos harina — less flour

menos gatos — fewer cats

aquí hay menos gente — there are fewer people here

• menos... que, A tiene menos ventajas que B — A has fewer advantages than B

Ana tiene menos años que Carlos — Ana is younger than Carlos

no soy menos hombre que él — * I'm as much of a man as he is

este es menos coche que el anterior — * this is not as good a car as the last one

• ser menos que, ganaremos porque son menos que nosotros — we'll win because there are fewer of them than there are of us

para no ser menos que los vecinos — to keep up with the neighbours

2) [superlativo] [con sustantivos incontables, medidas, dinero, tiempo] least; [con sustantivos contables] fewest

el método que lleva menos tiempo — the method which takes (the) least time

es el que menos culpa tiene — he is the least to blame

el examen con menos errores — the exam paper with the fewest mistakes

3. PREP

1) (=excepto) except

todos menos él — everybody except him

¡todo menos eso! — anything but that!

2) (Mat) [para restar] minus, less

cinco menos dos — five minus o less two

siete menos dos (son) cinco — seven minus two is five

son las siete menos veinte — it's twenty to seven

4.

CONJ

• a menos que — unless

no iré a menos que me acompañes — I won't go unless you come with me

5. SM

1) (Mat) minus sign

2)

los menos — the minority

3)
más 1., 2)
* * *
I
adverbio

1) ( comparativo) less

cada vez estudia menos — she's studying less and less

ya me duele menos — it hurts less now

ahora lo vemos menos — we don't see him so often o we don't see so much of him now

no voy a ir, y menos aún con él — I'm not going, and certainly not with him

menos (...) que: un hallazgo no menos importante que éste a find which is no less important than this one; ella menos que nadie puede criticarte she of all people is in no position to criticize you; menos (...) de less than; pesa menos de 50 kilos it weighs less than o under 50 kilos; no lo haría por menos de cien mil I wouldn't do it for less than a hundred thousand; éramos menos de diez there were fewer than ten of us; los niños de menos de 7 años children under seven; es menos peligroso de lo que tú crees — it's not as dangerous as you think

2) ( superlativo) least

es la menos complicada — it is the least complicated one

éste es el menos pesado de los dos — this is the lighter of the two

es el que menos viene por aquí — he's the one who comes around least (often)

es el que menos me gusta — he's the one I like (the) least

se esfuerza lo menos posible — he makes as little effort as possible

es lo menos que podía hacer — it's the least I could do

cuando menos lo esperábamos — when we were least expecting it; para locs ver menos III 2)
II
adjetivo invariable

1) ( comparativo) ( en cantidad) less; ( en número) fewer

alimentos con menos fibra/calorías — food with less fiber/fewer calories

ya hace menos frío — it's not as o so cold now

recibimos cada vez menos pedidos — we are getting fewer and fewer orders

cuesta tres veces menos — it costs a third of the price

mide medio metro menos — it's half a meter shorter

menos (...) que: tengo menos tiempo que tú I haven't as o so much time as you; menos estudiantes que el año pasado fewer students than last year; yo no soy menos que él — he's no better than me

2) ( superlativo) ( en cantidad) least; ( en número) fewest

esos casos son los menos — cases like that are the exception
III
pronombre

1)

sírveme menos — don't give me so much, give me less

ya falta menos — it won't be long now

aprobaron menos que el año pasado — fewer passed than last year

2) (en locs)

al menos — at least

a menos que — unless

cuando menos — at least

de menos: me ha dado 100 pesos de menos you've given me 100 pesos too little; me has cobrado de menos you've undercharged me; lo menos (fam) at least; menos mal just as well, thank goodness; menos mal que no me oyó just as well o it's a good thing he didn't hear me; por lo menos at least; ir a menos to go downhill; ser lo de menos: eso es lo de menos, a mí lo que me preocupa es... that's the least of it, what worries me is...; la fecha es lo de menos the date is the least of our/their problems; tener a alguien en menos to feel somebody is beneath one; tener algo a menos to think something is beneath one o beneath one's dignity; venirse a menos — to come down in the world
IV
preposición

1) ( excepto)

firmaron todos menos Alonso — everybody but Alonso signed, everybody signed except o but Alonso

menos estos dos, todos están en venta — apart from o with the exception of these two, they are all for sale

tres latas de pintura, menos la que usé — three cans of paint, less what I used

2)

a) (Mat) (en restas, números negativos) minus

b) (Esp, RPl) ( en la hora)

son las cinco menos diez/cuarto — it's ten to five/(a) quarter to five

son menos veinte — it's twenty to
V
masculino minus sign

* * *

= least, less [lesser -comp., least -sup.], minus, but, less so.

Ex. Service to the whole community implies positive discrimination towards those who through social or educational deprivation are least adept at using information tools.

Ex. The role of analytical entries in an online catalogue is less clear.

Ex. Copies of records created by the libraries, minus local data, are added to the pool of cataloguing information available to users.

Ex. Rotundas were widely used for all but the most formal texts in the fifteenth century, but fell out of fashion during the sixteenth century, surviving longest in Spain.

Ex. Vellum remained popular on the continent, less so in England; while goatskin (morocco), although well established by this time for fine work, was seldom used in trade binding except for prayer books.

----

* al menos = at least, at the very least.

* a menos que = unless, short of.

* aproximadamente, más o menos = ballpark.

* area menos favorecida = less favoured area.

* cada vez menos = less and less.

* cuando menos te lo esperes = on any given Sunday.

* cuanto menos = at least, let alone, at best.

* dar menos de lo debido = shortchange.

* de menos del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.

* dentro de lo malo lo menos malo = the best of a bad lot.

* echar de menos = miss.

* echar muchísimo de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.

* echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.

* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.

* en todos menos en = in all but.

* en un futuro más o menos cercano = in the near future, in the near future.

* en un período más o menos lejano = in the near future, in the near future.

* estrella venida a menos = fallen star.

* figura venida a menos = fallen star.

* hacerlo todo menos = stop at + nothing short of.

* horas de menos aglomeración = off-peak times.

* lo menos posible = as little as possible.

* más o menos = more or less, of a sort, or so, of sorts, after a fashion, round about, roughly speaking, give or take.

* más o menos + Adverbio = relatively + Adverbio.

* más o menos cuadrado = squarish.

* menos aún = let alone.

* menos blandeces y más mano dura = less of the carrot, more of the stick, less of the carrot, more of the stick.

* menos conocido = lesser known.

* menos cultos, los = less literate, the.

* menos de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad, less than + Cantidad.

* menos de + Edad = on the right side of + Edad.

* menos desarrollado = less developed [less-developed].

* menos en = save in.

* menos en el caso de que = except when.

* menos favorecido = less-advantaged, less favoured [less favored].

* menos hecho = rarer.

* menos importante, el = least, the.

* menos probable = least likely, less likely.

* menos... que... = less... than....

* menos rápidos, los = less fleet of foot, the.

* menos sabido = lesser known.

* menos usado = less used.

* mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.

* nada más y nada menos = as much as + Expresión Numérica.

* nada más y nada menos que = in the order of + Cantidad, nothing less than.

* nada más y nada menos que de = to the tune of + Cantidad.

* nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

* nada más y nada menos que + Número = as many as + Número.

* nada menos que + Nombre + tan + Adjetivo + como = no less + Adjetivo + Nombre + than.

* ni más ni menos = nothing more, nothing less, no more, no less.

* ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.

* Nombre + más o menos = Nombre + of sorts.

* no ser menos que el vecino = keep up with + the Joneses.

* no ser menos que los demás = keep up with + the Joneses.

* pagar menos de lo que se debería = underpay.

* para no ser menos = not to be outdone.

* personaje venido a menos = fallen star.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* región menos favorecida = less favoured region (LFR).

* salir de donde menos Uno se lo espera = come out of + the woodwork.

* ser menos + Adjetivo = be less of a(n) + Nombre.

* ser nada más y nada menos que = be nothing less than.

* signo menos (-) = minus sign (-), negative sign (-).

* todo menos = everything except (for).

* todos menos = everyone except, everybody except.

* todos menos + Número = all but + Número.

* último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.

* venir a menos = retrench.

* y cuanto mucho menos = much less.

* y mucho menos = much less, least of all.

* zona menos favorecida = less favoured area.

* * *
I
adverbio

1) ( comparativo) less

cada vez estudia menos — she's studying less and less

ya me duele menos — it hurts less now

ahora lo vemos menos — we don't see him so often o we don't see so much of him now

no voy a ir, y menos aún con él — I'm not going, and certainly not with him

menos (...) que: un hallazgo no menos importante que éste a find which is no less important than this one; ella menos que nadie puede criticarte she of all people is in no position to criticize you; menos (...) de less than; pesa menos de 50 kilos it weighs less than o under 50 kilos; no lo haría por menos de cien mil I wouldn't do it for less than a hundred thousand; éramos menos de diez there were fewer than ten of us; los niños de menos de 7 años children under seven; es menos peligroso de lo que tú crees — it's not as dangerous as you think

2) ( superlativo) least

es la menos complicada — it is the least complicated one

éste es el menos pesado de los dos — this is the lighter of the two

es el que menos viene por aquí — he's the one who comes around least (often)

es el que menos me gusta — he's the one I like (the) least

se esfuerza lo menos posible — he makes as little effort as possible

es lo menos que podía hacer — it's the least I could do

cuando menos lo esperábamos — when we were least expecting it; para locs ver menos III 2)
II
adjetivo invariable

1) ( comparativo) ( en cantidad) less; ( en número) fewer

alimentos con menos fibra/calorías — food with less fiber/fewer calories

ya hace menos frío — it's not as o so cold now

recibimos cada vez menos pedidos — we are getting fewer and fewer orders

cuesta tres veces menos — it costs a third of the price

mide medio metro menos — it's half a meter shorter

menos (...) que: tengo menos tiempo que tú I haven't as o so much time as you; menos estudiantes que el año pasado fewer students than last year; yo no soy menos que él — he's no better than me

2) ( superlativo) ( en cantidad) least; ( en número) fewest

esos casos son los menos — cases like that are the exception
III
pronombre

1)

sírveme menos — don't give me so much, give me less

ya falta menos — it won't be long now

aprobaron menos que el año pasado — fewer passed than last year

2) (en locs)

al menos — at least

a menos que — unless

cuando menos — at least

de menos: me ha dado 100 pesos de menos you've given me 100 pesos too little; me has cobrado de menos you've undercharged me; lo menos (fam) at least; menos mal just as well, thank goodness; menos mal que no me oyó just as well o it's a good thing he didn't hear me; por lo menos at least; ir a menos to go downhill; ser lo de menos: eso es lo de menos, a mí lo que me preocupa es... that's the least of it, what worries me is...; la fecha es lo de menos the date is the least of our/their problems; tener a alguien en menos to feel somebody is beneath one; tener algo a menos to think something is beneath one o beneath one's dignity; venirse a menos — to come down in the world
IV
preposición

1) ( excepto)

firmaron todos menos Alonso — everybody but Alonso signed, everybody signed except o but Alonso

menos estos dos, todos están en venta — apart from o with the exception of these two, they are all for sale

tres latas de pintura, menos la que usé — three cans of paint, less what I used

2)

a) (Mat) (en restas, números negativos) minus

b) (Esp, RPl) ( en la hora)

son las cinco menos diez/cuarto — it's ten to five/(a) quarter to five

son menos veinte — it's twenty to
V
masculino minus sign

* * *

= least, less [lesser -comp., least -sup.], minus, but, less so.

Ex: Service to the whole community implies positive discrimination towards those who through social or educational deprivation are least adept at using information tools.

Ex: The role of analytical entries in an online catalogue is less clear.

Ex: Copies of records created by the libraries, minus local data, are added to the pool of cataloguing information available to users.

Ex: Rotundas were widely used for all but the most formal texts in the fifteenth century, but fell out of fashion during the sixteenth century, surviving longest in Spain.

Ex: Vellum remained popular on the continent, less so in England; while goatskin (morocco), although well established by this time for fine work, was seldom used in trade binding except for prayer books.

* al menos = at least, at the very least.

* a menos que = unless, short of.

* aproximadamente, más o menos = ballpark.

* area menos favorecida = less favoured area.

* cada vez menos = less and less.

* cuando menos te lo esperes = on any given Sunday.

* cuanto menos = at least, let alone, at best.

* dar menos de lo debido = shortchange.

* de menos del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.

* dentro de lo malo lo menos malo = the best of a bad lot.

* echar de menos = miss.

* echar muchísimo de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.

* echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.

* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.

* en todos menos en = in all but.

* en un futuro más o menos cercano = in the near future, in the near future.

* en un período más o menos lejano = in the near future, in the near future.

* estrella venida a menos = fallen star.

* figura venida a menos = fallen star.

* hacerlo todo menos = stop at + nothing short of.

* horas de menos aglomeración = off-peak times.

* lo menos posible = as little as possible.

* más o menos = more or less, of a sort, or so, of sorts, after a fashion, round about, roughly speaking, give or take.

* más o menos + Adverbio = relatively + Adverbio.

* más o menos cuadrado = squarish.

* menos aún = let alone.

* menos blandeces y más mano dura = less of the carrot, more of the stick, less of the carrot, more of the stick.

* menos conocido = lesser known.

* menos cultos, los = less literate, the.

* menos de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad, less than + Cantidad.

* menos de + Edad = on the right side of + Edad.

* menos desarrollado = less developed [less-developed].

* menos en = save in.

* menos en el caso de que = except when.

* menos favorecido = less-advantaged, less favoured [less favored].

* menos hecho = rarer.

* menos importante, el = least, the.

* menos probable = least likely, less likely.

* menos... que... = less... than....

* menos rápidos, los = less fleet of foot, the.

* menos sabido = lesser known.

* menos usado = less used.

* mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.

* nada más y nada menos = as much as + Expresión Numérica.

* nada más y nada menos que = in the order of + Cantidad, nothing less than.

* nada más y nada menos que de = to the tune of + Cantidad.

* nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

* nada más y nada menos que + Número = as many as + Número.

* nada menos que + Nombre + tan + Adjetivo + como = no less + Adjetivo + Nombre + than.

* ni más ni menos = nothing more, nothing less, no more, no less.

* ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.

* Nombre + más o menos = Nombre + of sorts.

* no ser menos que el vecino = keep up with + the Joneses.

* no ser menos que los demás = keep up with + the Joneses.

* pagar menos de lo que se debería = underpay.

* para no ser menos = not to be outdone.

* personaje venido a menos = fallen star.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* región menos favorecida = less favoured region (LFR).

* salir de donde menos Uno se lo espera = come out of + the woodwork.

* ser menos + Adjetivo = be less of a(n) + Nombre.

* ser nada más y nada menos que = be nothing less than.

* signo menos (-) = minus sign (-), negative sign (-).

* todo menos = everything except (for).

* todos menos = everyone except, everybody except.

* todos menos + Número = all but + Número.

* último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.

* venir a menos = retrench.

* y cuanto mucho menos = much less.

* y mucho menos = much less, least of all.

* zona menos favorecida = less favoured area.

* * *

menos¹

adverb

A [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

(comparativo): cada vez estudia menos she's studying less and less

quiere trabajar menos y ganar más he wants to work less and earn more

ya me duele menos it doesn't hurt so much now

ahora que vive en Cádiz lo vemos menos now that he's living in Cadiz we don't see him so often o we don't see so much of him

eso es menos importante that's not so important

no voy a permitir que vaya, y menos aún con él I'm not going to let her go, much less with him

menos (…) QUE:

un hallazgo no menos importante que éste a find which is no less important than o just as important as this one

ella menos que nadie puede criticarte she of all people is in no position to criticize you

no pude menos que aceptar I had to accept, it was the least I could do

menos (…) DE:

los niños de menos de 7 años children under seven

pesa menos de 50 kilos it weighs less than o under 50 kilos

éramos menos de diez there were fewer than ten of us

lo compraron por menos de nada they bought it for next to nothing

no lo haría por menos de cien mil I wouldn't do it for less than a hundred thousand

está a menos de una hora de aquí it's less than an hour from here

es menos peligroso de lo que tú crees it's not as dangerous as you think

B [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ] (superlativo) least

es la menos complicada que he visto it is the least complicated one I have seen

éste es el menos pesado de los dos this is the lighter of the two

es el que menos viene por aquí he's the one who comes around least (often)

soy el que ha bebido menos de todos I've had less to drink than anyone, I'm the one who's had least to drink

es el que menos me gusta he's the one I like (the) least

se esfuerza lo menos posible he makes as little effort as possible

es lo menos que podía hacer por él it's the least I could do for him

sucedió cuando menos lo esperábamos it happened when we were least expecting it

para locs ver menos³ pron B. (↑ menos (3))

menos²

adj inv

A [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ] (comparativo) (en cantidad) less; (en número) fewer

alimentos con menos fibra/calorías food with less fiber/fewer calories

ya hace menos frío it's not as o so cold now

recibimos cada vez menos pedidos we are getting fewer and fewer orders

cuesta tres veces menos it costs a third of the price o a third as much

mide medio metro menos it's half a meter shorter

a éste ponle dos cucharadas menos add two tablespoonfuls less to this one

menos (…) QUE:

tengo menos tiempo que tú I haven't as o so much time as you

menos estudiantes que el año pasado fewer students than last year

somos menos que ellos there are fewer of us than them

no soy menos hombre que él I'm no less a man than him

yo no soy menos que él he's no better than me

B [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ] (superlativo) (en cantidad) least; (en número) fewest

el rincón donde hay menos luz the corner where there's least light

el partido que obtuvo menos votos the party that got (the) fewest votes

esos casos son los menos cases like that are the exception

menos³

pronoun

A

sírveme menos don't give me as o so much

ya falta menos it won't be long now

aprobaron menos que el año pasado not so o as many passed as last year, fewer passed than last year

B ( en locs):

al menos at least

a menos que unless

a menos que tú nos ayudes unless you help us

cuando menos at least

de menos: me ha dado 100 pesos de menos you've given me 100 pesos too little

siempre te da unos gramos de menos he always gives you a few grams under o too little

me has cobrado de menos you've undercharged me, you haven't charged me enough

echar

lo menos ( fam); at least

les pagaron lo menos un millón they paid them at least a million pesos

menos mal just as well

menos mal que no me oyó just as well o good thing o thank goodness he didn't hear me

nos van a dar una prórroga — ¡menos mal! they are going to give us extra time — just as well! o thank goodness for that!

por lo menos at least

si por lo menos me hubieras avisado … if you'd at least told me …

había por lo menos diez mil personas there were at least ten thousand people there

ir a menos to go downhill

ser lo de menos: eso es lo de menos, a mí lo que me preocupa es su falta de honradez that's the least of it, what worries me is his lack of integrity

la fecha es lo de menos the date is the least of our/their problems

tener a algn en menos to feel sb is beneath one

cuanto¹ (↑ cuanto (1)), más³ (↑ más (3)), mucho³ (↑ mucho (3)), nada¹ (↑ nada (1))

tener algo a menos to think sth is beneath one o beneath one's dignity

venirse a menos to come down in the world

un aristócrata venido a menos an aristocrat who has come down in the world o who has fallen on hard times

un hotel/barrio venido a menoss a rundown hotel/neighborhood*

menos⁴

prep

A

(excepto): firmaron todos menos Alonso everybody but Alonso signed, everybody signed except o but Alonso

menos estos dos, todos están en venta apart from o with the exception of these two, they are all for sale

tres latas de pintura, menos la que usé para la puerta three cans of paint, less what I used on the door

B

1 ( Mat) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (en restas, números negativos) minus

8-15=-7 read as: ocho menos quince (es) igual (a) menos siete eight minus fifteen equals o is minus seven

2

(Esp, RPI) (en la hora) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] son las ocho menos diez/cuarto it's ten to eight/(a) quarter to eight

¿tienes hora? — menos veinte do you have the time? — it's twenty to

menos⁵

masculine

minus sign

* * *

menos adverbio
1 ( comparativo) less;
◊ cada vez estudia menos she's studying less and less;

ya me duele menos it hurts less now;
ahora lo vemos menos we don't see him so often now, we don't see so much of him now;
pesa menos de 50 kilos it weighs less than o under 50 kilos;
éramos menos de diez there were fewer than ten of us;
los niños de menos de 7 años children under seven
2 ( superlativo) least;
◊ es la menos complicada it is the least complicated one;

el que menos me gusta the one I like (the) least;
se esfuerza lo menos posible he makes as little effort as possible;
cuando menos lo esperaba when I was least expecting it
■ adjetivo invariable
1 ( comparativo) ( en cantidad) less;
( en número) fewer;
◊ alimentos con menos fibra/calorías food with less fiber/fewer calories;

hay menos errores there are fewer mistakes;
mide medio metro menos it's half a meter shorter;
menos estudiantes que el año pasado fewer students than last year;
tengo menos tiempo que tú I haven't as o so much time as you
2 ( superlativo) ( en cantidad) least;
( en número) fewest;
◊ donde hay menos luz where there's least light;

el que obtuvo menos votos the one who got (the) fewest votes
■ pronombre
1 ( en cantidad) less;
( en número) fewer;
◊ sírveme menos give me less;

ya falta menos it won't be long now
2 ( en locs)
◊ al menos at least;

a menos que unless;
cuando menos at least;
de menos: me dió 100 pesos de menos he gave me 100 pesos too little;
me cobró de menos he undercharged me;
lo menos the least;
menos mal just as well, thank goodness;
por lo menos at least;
eso es lo de menos that's the least of my (o our etc) problems
■ preposición
1 ( excepto):
◊ todos menos Alonso everybody except o but Alonso;

menos estos dos, … apart from o with the exception of these two, …;
tres latas de pintura, menos la que usé para la puerta three cans of paint, less what I used on the door
2
a) (Mat) (en restas, números negativos) minus

b) (Esp, RPl) ( en la hora):

◊ son las cinco menos diez/cuarto it's ten to five/(a) quarter to five;

son menos veinte it's twenty to
menos
I adverbio
1 (en menor cantidad, grado) (con no contable) less: ayer me dolía menos, it hurt less yesterday
había menos de treinta personas, there were less than thirty people
es menos importante de lo que crees, it's less important than you think
tengo menos fuerza que antes, I have less strength than before
(con contable) fewer: mi casa tiene menos habitaciones, my house has fewer rooms
2 (superlativo) least: es el menos indicado para opinar, he's the worst person to judge
3 (sobre todo) no pienso discutir, y menos contigo, I don't want to argue, especially with you
II preposición
1 but, except: vinieron todos menos uno, they all came but one
2 Mat minus: siete menos dos, seven minus two
♦ Locuciones: eso es lo de menos, that's the least of it
a menos que, unless
al o por lo menos, at least
cada vez menos, less and less
¡menos mal!, thank goodness!
nada menos que, no less o no fewer than
no ser para menos, to be the least one could do: me invitó a cenar, ¡y no era para menos!, he invited me to dinner, which was the least he could do!
venir a menos, to lose rank, fortune or position
' menos' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aliviar
- añorar
- cachondeo
- cada
- cantar
- contratación
- cuando
- echar
- esquivar
- estar
- extrañar
- gallo
- hipar
- historiada
- historiado
- indicada
- indicado
- infarto
- los
- mal
- más
- mucha
- mucho
- pensar
- piedra
- programa
- recochineo
- salva
- salvo
- signo
- siquiera
- su
- tan
- todavía
- vez
- cinco
- costumbre
- cuanto
- cuarto
- de
- día
- enfado
- enojo
- entre
- esperar
- estofado
- mientras
- mirar
- momento
- nada
English:
about
- absent
- agree
- alone
- anything
- anywhere
- appreciate
- at
- averse
- barring
- besides
- billion
- blind
- blue
- border
- but
- cackle
- chalk
- circuitous
- conscious
- delay
- far
- ferment
- few
- god
- good
- if
- job
- just
- last
- least
- less
- let
- let up
- mind
- minus
- minus sign
- minute
- miss
- more
- nothing
- nowadays
- of
- opposed
- or
- pretty
- put down
- rate
- recollect
- remain

* * *

menos

♦ adj inv

1. [comparativo] [cantidad] less;
[número] fewer;
menos aire less air;

menos manzanas fewer apples;

menos… que… less/fewer… than…;

tiene menos experiencia que tú she has less experience than you;

vino menos gente que otras veces there were fewer people there than on other occasions;

hace menos calor que ayer it's not as hot as it was yesterday;

colócate a menos distancia stand closer;

eran menos pero mejor preparadas there were fewer of them, but they were better prepared

2. [superlativo] [cantidad] the least;
[número] the fewest;
el que compró menos libros the one who bought the fewest books;

lo que menos tiempo llevó the thing that took the least time;

la que menos nota sacó en el examen the girl who did (the) worst o got the worst Br marks o US grades in the exam

3. Fam [peor]
éste es menos coche que el mío this car isn't as good as mine;

es menos hombre que tú he's less of a man than you are

♦ adv

1. [comparativo] less;

a mí échame un poco menos give me a bit less;

ahora con el bebé salen menos they go out less now they've got the baby;

últimamente trabajo menos I haven't been working as o so much recently;

estás menos gordo you're not as o so fat;

¿a cien? no, íbamos menos rápido a hundred km/h? no, we weren't going as fast as that;

menos de/que less than;

Pepe es menos alto (que tú) Pepe isn't as tall (as you);

Pepe es menos ambicioso (que tú) Pepe isn't as ambitious (as you), Pepe is less ambitious (than you);

este vino me gusta menos (que el otro) I don't like this wine as much (as the other one), I like this wine less (than the other one);

son menos de las diez it's not quite ten o'clock yet;

es difícil encontrar alquileres de o [m5]por menos de 50.000 it's hard to find a place to rent for less than o under 50,000;

tardamos menos de lo esperado we took less time than expected, it didn't take us as long as we expected;

es menos complicado de lo que parece it's not as complicated as it seems, it's less complicated than it seems

2. [superlativo]
el/la/lo menos the least;

ella es la menos adecuada para el cargo she's the least suitable person for the job;

el menos preparado de todos/de la clase the least well trained of everyone/in the class;

el menos preparado de los dos the less well trained of the two;

la que menos trabaja the person o one who works (the) least;

aquí es donde menos me duele this is where it hurts (the) least;

él es el menos indicado para criticar he's the last person who should be criticizing;

es lo menos que puedo hacer it's the least I can do;

era lo menos que te podía pasar it was the least you could expect;

debió costar lo menos un millón it must have cost at least a million;

había algunas manzanas podridas, pero eran las menos some of the apples were rotten, but only a very few

3. [indica resta] minus;

tres menos dos igual a uno three minus two is one

4. Esp, RP [con las horas] to;

son las dos menos diez it's ten to two;

son menos diez it's ten to

5. Comp

ir a menos [fiebre, lluvia] to die down;
[delincuencia] to drop;
¡menos mal! just as well!, thank God!;

menos mal que llevo rueda de repuesto/que no te pasó nada thank God I've got a spare wheel/(that) nothing happened to you;

nada menos (que) no less (than);

le recibió nada menos que el Papa he was received by none other than the Pope;

no es para menos not without (good) reason;

no pude por menos que reírme I had to laugh;

venir a menos [negocio] to go downhill;
[persona] to go down in the world;
no pienso montar y menos si conduces o Am [m5] manejas tú I've no intention of getting in, much less so if you're driving;

Comp

hacer de menos a alguien to snub sb

♦ pron

había menos que el año pasado there were fewer than the previous year;

ya queda menos it's not so far to go now

♦ nm inv
Mat minus (sign)
♦ prep
[excepto] except (for);
todo menos eso anything but that;

vinieron todos menos él everyone came except (for) o but him;

menos el café, todo está incluido en el precio everything except the coffee is included in the price

♦ al menos loc conj

at least;

costará al menos tres millones it will cost at least three million;

dame al menos una hora para prepararme give me at least an hour to get ready

♦ a menos que loc conj

unless;

no iré a menos que me acompañes I won't go unless you come with me

♦ de menos loc adv

hay dos libros de menos there are two books missing;

me han dado 80 céntimos de menos they've given me 80 cents too little, they've short-changed me by 80 cents;

eso es lo de menos that's the least of it

♦ por lo menos loc adv

at least;

por lo menos pide perdón you at least ought to apologize

* * *

menos

I adj

1 en cantidad less;

cien dólares de menos 100 dollars short, 100 dollars too little;

hay cinco calcetines de menos we are five socks short

2 en número fewer

II adv

1 comp: en cantidad less;

es menos guapa que Ana she is not as pretty as Ana

2 sup: en cantidad least;

al menos, por lo menos at least

3 MAT minus;

tres menos dos three minus two

III m MAT minus (sign)

IV

:

a menos que unless;

todos menos yo everyone but o except me;

echar de menos miss;

tener a alguien en menos look down on s.o.;

eso es lo de menos that’s the least of it;

ir a menos come down in the world;

ni mucho menos far from it;

no es para menos quite right too;

son las dos menos diez it’s ten of two, Br it’s ten to two

* * *

menos adv

1) : less

llueve menos en agosto: it rains less in August

2) : least

el coche menos caro: the least expensive car

3)

menos de : less than, fewer than

menos adj

1) : less, fewer

tengo más trabajo y menos tiempo: I have more work and less time

2) : least, fewest

la clase que tiene menos estudiantes: the class that has the fewest students

menos prep

1) salvo, excepto: except

2) : minus

quince menos cuatro son once: fifteen minus four is eleven

menos pron

1) : less, fewer

no deberías aceptar menos: you shouldn't accept less

2)

al menos or

por lo menos : at least

3)

a menos que : unless

* * *

menos¹ adv

1. (comparativo) less

deberías ponerte menos azúcar you should take less sugar

2. (con nombres contables) fewer

había menos gente there were fewer people

3. (superlativo) least

es el menos caro it's the least expensive

4. (excepto) except

puedo hacer de todo menos cocinar I can do everything except cook

fueron todos al parque menos ella they all went to the park except her

5. (con la hora) to

son las ocho menos diez it's ten to eight

6. (en matemáticas) minus

ocho menos dos son seis eight minus two is six

al menos at least

a menos que unless

menos mal thank goodness

menos mal que has venido it's a good job you've come

por lo menos at least

menos² n minus sign

Spanish-English dictionary > menos
11 por

prep.

1 because of (causa).

por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me

¿por qué? why?

¿por qué lo dijo? why did she say it?

¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?

¿por? (informal) why?

se enfadó por tu comportamiento she got angry because of your behavior

lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love

2 (in order) to.

lo hizo por complacerte he did it to please you

lo hice por ella I did it for her

3 by (medio, modo, agente).

por mensajero/fax/teléfono by courier/fax/telephone

estuvimos hablando por teléfono we were talking on the phone

por escrito in writing

lo cogieron por el brazo they took him by the arm

el récord fue batido por el atleta the record was broken by the athlete

4 through.

vamos por aquí/allí let's go this/that way

iba paseando por el bosque/la calle she was walking through the forest/along the street

pasar por la aduana to go through customs

5 for (a cambio de, en lugar de).

lo ha comprado por poco dinero she bought it for very little

cambió el coche por la moto he exchanged his car for a motorbike

él lo hará por mí he'll do it for me

6 per.

80 céntimos por unidad 80 cents each

mil unidades por semana a thousand units a o per week

uno por uno one by one

20 kms por hora 20 km an o per hour

7 for.

baja por tabaco go down to the shops for some cigarettes, go down to get some cigarettes

a por for

vino a por las entradas she came for the tickets

8 times, multiplied by.

* * *

por

► preposición

1 (gen) for

■ lo hice por ti I did it for you

■ lo compré por dos euros I bought it for two euros

2 (a través de) through, by

■ entra por la puerta trasera come in by the back door

■ pasamos por Valladolid we went through Valladolid

■ iremos por la autopista we'll go on the motorway

3 (calle, carretera) along, down, up

■ íbamos por la calle cuando... we were walking along the street when...

■ subí por la Calle Jovellanos I went up Jovellanos Street

4 (lugar aproximado) in, near, round

■ anda por el edificio he's somewhere in the building

■ está por la Plaza Mayor it's somewhere near the Plaza Mayor

■ está por aquí it's somewhere round here

5 (causa) because of

■ las plantas han muerto por el frío the plants have died because of the cold

■ suspendieron el concierto por la lluvia they cancelled the concert because of the rain

6 (tiempo) at, for

■ nos veremos por vacaciones I'll see you during the holidays

7 (medio) by

■ lo enviaré por avión I'll send it by air

■ está hablando por teléfono he's on the phone

■ llegó por correo it arrived by post

8 (autoría) by

■ fue escrito por Azorín it was written by Azorín

9 (distribución) per

■ cinco por ciento five per cent

■ tocamos a dieciocho euros por persona it works out at eighteen euros per person

■ iba a veinte kilómetros por hora it was going at twenty kilometres an hour

10 (tras) by

■ registraron la cárcel celda por celda they searched the prison cell by cell

■ les interrogó uno por uno he interrogated each one in turn

11 (con pasiva) by

■ fue comprado por la reina it was bought by the queen

12 (a favor de) for, in favour of, US in favor of

■ estoy por una amnistía general I'm in favour of a general amnesty

13 (en calidad de) as

■ la tomó por esposa he took her as his wife

14 (en lugar de) instead of, in the place of

■ ve tú por mi you go in my place

15 (multiplicado por) times, multiplied by

■ tres por cuatro, doce three fours are twelve, three times four is twelve

16 por adjective que no matter how adjective

■ por caro que sea, lo voy a comprar no matter how expensive it is I'm going to buy it

■ por viejo que parezca funciona even though it looks old, it still works

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar por + inf (a punto de) to be on the point of + - ing

estar por hacer to remain to be done, not to have been done yet

por aquí around here

por lo tanto therefore

por lo visto apparently

por más que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how much

por mucho que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how much

por mí as far as I am concerned

¿por qué? why?

por supuesto of course

por tanto therefore, so

* * *

prep.

1) for

2) during

3) by

4) through

5) along

6) around

7) per

8) from

9) because of

10) instead of

•

- ¿por qué?

- por si acaso

* * *

PREPOSICIÓN

1) [causa]

a) + sustantivo because of

tuvo que suspenderse por el mal tiempo — it had to be cancelled because of the weather

no se realizó por escasez de fondos — it didn't go ahead because of a shortage of funding

• nos encontramos por casualidad — we met by chance

• lo hago por gusto — I do it because I like to

• fue por necesidad — it was out of necessity

• por temor a — for fear of

no se lo dijo por temor a ofenderla — he didn't tell her for fear of offending her

b) + infin

no aprobó por no haber estudiado — he didn't pass because he hadn't studied

por venir tarde se perdió la mitad — because he arrived late he missed half of it

me castigaron por mentir — I was punished for lying

c) + adj

le expulsaron por revoltoso — they expelled him for being a troublemaker

lo dejó por imposible — he gave it up as (being) impossible

esto te pasa por tonto — this is what you get for being stupid

2) [objetivo]

a) + sustantivo for

trabajar por dinero — to work for money

daría lo que fuera por un poco de tranquilidad — I'd give anything for a bit of peace and quiet

brindemos por nuestro futuro — let's drink to our future

b) + infin

lo hizo por complacerle — he did it to please her

por no llegar tarde — so as not to arrive late, in order not to be late

hablar por hablar — to talk for the sake of talking

3) (=en favor, defensa de) for

lo hice por mis padres — I did it for my parents

hazlo por mí — do it for me, do it for my sake

luchar por la patria — to fight for one's country

4) [elección]

su amor por la pintura — his love of painting

está loca por ti — she's crazy about you

no sabía por cuál decidirme — I couldn't decide which to choose

5) [evidencia] judging by, judging from

por lo que dicen — judging by o from what they say

por la cara que pone no debe de gustarle — judging by o from his face I don't think he likes it

por las señas no piensa hacerlo — apparently he's not intending to do it, it doesn't seem like he's intending to do it

6) [medio]

por su propia mano — by his own hand

lo obtuve por un amigo — I got it through a friend

la conozco por mi hermano — I know her through my brother

• por correo — by post

• por mar — by sea

• hablar por señas — to use sign language

7) [agente] by

hecho por él — done by him

"dirigido por" — "directed by"

fueron apresados por la policía — they were captured by the police

8) [modo] by

me agarró por el brazo — he grabbed me by the arm

punto por punto — point by point

buscaron casa por casa — they searched house by house

están dispuestos por tamaños — they are arranged according to size o by size

• por orden alfabético — in alphabetical order

9) [lugar]

se va por ahí — it's that way

¿por dónde? — which way?

ir a Bilbao por Santander — to go to Bilbao via Santander

cruzar la frontera por Canfranc — to cross the border at Canfranc

pasar por Madrid — to go through Madrid

se asomaron por la ventana — they leaned out of the window

iban cantando por la calle — they were walking along the street singing

paseábamos por la playa — we were walking along the beach

por todas partes — everywhere

por todo el país — throughout the country

viajar por el mundo — to travel (around) the world

10) [aproximación]

busca por ahí — look over there

viven por esta zona — they live around here

por aquí cerca — near o around here

aquello ocurrió por abril — it happened around April

por la feria — round about o around carnival time

está por el norte — it's somewhere up north

11) [tiempo]

se levanta por la mañana temprano — she gets up early in the morning

por la mañana siempre tengo mucho trabajo — I always have a lot of work in o during the morning

no sale por la noche — he doesn't go out at night

12) [duración] for

será por poco tiempo — it won't be for long

se quedarán por 15 días — they will stay for a fortnight

13) [sustitución, intercambio] (=a cambio de) for; (=en lugar de) instead of

te doy este por aquel — I'll swap you this one for that one

le dieron uno nuevo por el viejo — they gave him a new one (in exchange) for the old one

lo vendí por 15 dólares — I sold it for 15 dollars

me dieron 13 francos por una libra — I got 13 francs to the pound

hoy doy yo la clase por él — today I'm giving the class for him o in his place

ha puesto B por V — he has put B instead of V

14) [representación]

hablo por todos — I speak on behalf of o for everyone

interceder por algn — to intercede on sb's behalf, intercede for sb

diputado por Madrid — a member of parliament for Madrid

vino por su jefe — he came instead of o in place of his boss

15) [distribución]

10 dólares por hora — 10 dollars an hour

80km por hora — 80km per o an hour

revoluciones por minuto — revolutions per minute

tres dólares por persona — three dollars each, three dollars per person

16) [en multiplicaciones]

cinco por tres, quince — five times three is fifteen, five threes are fifteen

mide 6 metros de alto por 4 de ancho — it is 6 metres high by 4 wide

17) (=en cuanto a)

por mí no hay inconveniente — that's fine as o so far as I'm concerned

por mí, que se vaya — as o so far as I'm concerned he can go, for all I care he can go

por mí, como si quieres pasar una semana sin comer — I don't care if you want to go for a week without eating

si por mi fuera, tú estarías trabajando — if it were o was down to me, you'd be working

18) (=como)

• tomar a algn por esposo/esposa — to take sb to be one's husband/wife

• le dan por muerto — they have given him up for dead

• le tienen por tonto — they think he's stupid

19) [concesión]
+ subjun
por (muy) difícil que sea — however hard it is o may be

por mucho que lo quisieran — however much they would like to, much as they would like to

por más que lo intente — no matter how o however hard I try, try as I might

20) [acción inacabada]
+ infin
quedan platos por lavar — there are still some dishes to do

aún me quedan tres páginas por traducir — I still have three pages left to translate

21) ir (a) por algo/algn (=en busca de) to go and get sth/sb

ha ido (a) por vino — she's gone to get some wine

voy por el médico — I'll go and fetch o get the doctor

voy a por él — [a buscarle] I'll go and get him; [a atacarle] I'm going to get him

solo van a por las pelas — * they're only in it for the money

¡a por ellos! — get them!

- ir a por todas

22) [en preguntas]
por qué why
¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

no tengo por qué ir — there's no reason why I should go
¿por? * why (do you ask)?
* * *

preposición

Sentido I

1) ( en relaciones causales) because of

lo he puesto aquí por el gato — I've put it here because of the cat

por falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money

eso te pasa por crédulo — that's what you get for being (so) gullible

por naturaleza — by nature

por necesidad — out of necessity

tanto por su precio como por su calidad — both for its price and its quality

fue por eso que vine — that was why I came

si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...

fue elogiado por su actuación — he was praised for his performance

por + inf — for -ing

me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me

2) ( según)

por lo que he oído — from what I've heard

por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...

3) (en locs)

por qué — why

¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

por si — in case; acaso, mosca II

4) ( en expresiones concesivas)

por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try

por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is

5)

a) ( en expresiones de modo)

colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height

por orden de altura — in order of height

por adelantado — in advance

por escrito — in writing

b) ( indicando el medio)

se lo comunicaron por teléfono — they told him over the phone

lo dijeron por la radio — they said it on the radio

por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road

la conocí por la voz — I recognized her by her voice

me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend

lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way

c) (Educ) from

es doctor honoris causa por Oxford — he has an honorary doctorate from Oxford

6)

a) ( en relaciones de proporción)

cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class

120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour

lo venden por metro — they sell it by the meter

tú comes por tres — you eat enough for three people

había un hombre por cada dos mujeres — there was one man to every two women

tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho — it's three meters long by one meter wide

es bastante por hoy — it's enough for today

uno por uno — one by one; ciento II

b) ( en multiplicaciones)

tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

7)

a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) for

su secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf

yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place

podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman

es senador por Sevilla — he's a senator for Seville

b) ( como)

por ejemplo — for example

¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

8) ( introduciendo el agente) by

compuesto por Mozart — composed by Mozart

se vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta — they were caught in a sudden storm

Sentido II

9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)

pelearse por algo — to fight over something

lo hace por el dinero — he does it for the money

te lo digo por tu bien — I'm telling you for your own good

no tengo por qué ir — there's no reason why I should go

por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her

no entré por no molestar — I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him

eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it

por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him

lucharon por que se hiciera justicia — they fought for justice to be done

10) (indicando consideración, favor) for

por mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake

11) (indicando inclinación, elección)

su amor por la música — her love of music

demostró interés por el cuadro — he showed interest in the painting

no siento nada por él — I don't feel anything for him

opté por no ir — I chose not to go

votó por ella — he voted for her

12) ( en busca de)

salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

13) ( en lo que respecta a)

por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind

por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

14) ( indicando una situación pendiente)

por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean

estos cambios aún están por hacer — these changes are yet to be made

eso está por ver! — we'll see about that!

15) (esp AmL)

estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)

deben (de) estar por llegar — they should be arriving any minute

la leche está por hervir — the milk's about to boil

Sentido III

16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)

entró por la ventana — he came in through the window

no va a pasar por la puerta — it won't go through the door

sal por aquí — go out this way

se cayó por la escalera — he fell down the stairs

subieron por la ladera este — they went up by the east face

¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

fuimos por el camino más largo — we took the longer route

¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?

¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

17)

a) ( expresando lugar indeterminado)

está por ahí — he's over there somewhere

¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?

viven por mi barrio — they live around my area

¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?

por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere

b) ( expresando lugar determinado)

corta por aquí — cut here

voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15

empieza por el principio — start at the beginning

agárralo por el mango — hold it by the handle

c) ( indicando extensión)

por todo el país — throughout the (whole) country

viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France

pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc

Sentido IV

18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)

por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time

sucedió allá por 1960 — it happened some time back around 1960

19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for

me lo regaló por mi cumpleaños — she gave it to me for my birthday

20) ( durante) for

por los siglos de los siglos — for ever and ever

por el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche

* * *

= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.

Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex. This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.

Ex. I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.

Ex. This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.

Ex. A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.

Ex. Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.

Ex. Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.

Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.

Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.

Ex. Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.

Ex. Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.

Ex. AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.

Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.

Ex. The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.

Ex. 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.

Ex. One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.

Ex. Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.

Ex. Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.

Ex. But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.

Ex. This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.

----

* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.

* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).

* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.

* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.

* coger por sorpresa = catch out.

* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.

* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.

* encontrar por casualidad = come across.

* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.

* error por omisión = omission failure.

* estar por delante de = be ahead of.

* hecho por encargo = bespoke.

* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.

* leer por encima = browse.

* llamar por teléfono = call up.

* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.

* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.

* ordenado por fecha = in date order.

* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.

* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* por accidente = accidentally.

* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].

* por ahí = out there.

* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.

* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.

* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.

* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.

* por algún tiempo = for sometime.

* por allí = nearby [near-by].

* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por analogía = by analogy.

* por anticipado = in advance (of).

* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.

* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.

* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.

* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.

* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.

* por así decir = as it were.

* por boca de = by word of mouth.

* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.

* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.

* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.

* por cabeza = per person.

* por cable = wireline, corded.

* por caminos apartados = off-road.

* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.

* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).

* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.

* por coincidencia = by coincidence.

* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por completo = fully.

* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.

* por consideración a = out of respect for.

* por consideración a = out of consideration for.

* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.

* por contra = in contrast.

* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por correo = by post, mailed.

* por cortesía de = courtesy of.

* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.

* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.

* por cuanto que = because.

* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.

* por cuenta de uno = privately.

* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.

* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.

* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.

* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.

* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.

* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.

* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.

* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.

* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.

* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].

* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.

* por décadas = ten-yearly.

* por decidir = to be decided.

* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.

* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.

* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.

* por decisión propia = by choice.

* por defecto = by default, default.

* por deferencia a = in deference to.

* por definición = by definition.

* por delante = ahead.

* por delante de = ahead of.

* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.

* por delante y por detrás = front and back.

* por dentro = inwardly.

* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.

* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.

* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.

* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por divertirse = for kicks.

* por doquier = all around.

* por dos años = two-year.

* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.

* por (el) amor a = for the love of.

* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.

* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.

* por el detalle = for detail.

* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.

* por el día o por la noche = day or night.

* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.

* por elección propia = by choice.

* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.

* por el gobierno federal = federally.

* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.

* por el hombre = humanly.

* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.

* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.

* por el modo = by the way.

* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.

* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.

* por el receptor = at the receiving end.

* por el sexo = gendered.

* por encargo = custom, bespoke.

* por encima = overhead, cursorily.

* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.

* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.

* por encima de eso = beyond that.

* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.

* por encima de la media = above average.

* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.

* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.

* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.

* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.

* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.

* por enfado = out of anger.

* por enojo = out of anger.

* por error = by mistake.

* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.

* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.

* por eso = on that score, therefore.

* por eso que = hence.

* por esta razón = for this reason.

* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.

* por este motivo = for this reason.

* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.

* por etapas = staged.

* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.

* por exceso = excessively, to excess.

* por explotar = untapped.

* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.

* por extensión = by extension.

* por extenso = in full, at length.

* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.

* por fases = staged.

* por favor = please.

* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].

* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.

* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).

* por frustración = out of frustration.

* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.

* por grupos = in batches.

* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por hora = hourly.

* por horas = on an hourly basis.

* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).

* por imitación = copycat.

* por incremento gradual = incremental.

* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.

* por individuo = per capita, per person.

* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.

* por instinto = instinctively.

* por interés = out of interest.

* por interés personal = self-interested.

* por investigar = unresearched.

* por invitación = invitational.

* por invitación de = at the invitation of.

* por la borda = overboard.

* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por la forma = by the way.

* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.

* por la fuerza = forcibly.

* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.

* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.

* por la manera = by the way.

* por la mañana = in the morning.

* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.

* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.

* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.

* por la presente = hereby.

* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.

* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.

* por las nubes = soaring.

* por la tarde = in the evening.

* por ley = mandated.

* por libre = freelance.

* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.

* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.

* por lo pronto = for the time being.

* por lo que = so.

* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.

* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.

* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.

* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.

* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.

* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.

* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.

* por los suelos = in tatters.

* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.

* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.

* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.

* por mal camino = astray.

* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por materias = subject-based, topically.

* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.

* por medio = out of.

* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.

* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.

* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.

* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.

* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.

* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.

* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.

* por menús = menu-driven.

* por méritos = meritorious.

* por mes = per month.

* por miedo de = for fear of/that.

* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.

* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.

* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.

* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.

* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.

* por muchas razones = in many ways.

* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.

* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.

* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.

* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.

* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* por nada = for nothing.

* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.

* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.

* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.

* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.

* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.

* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.

* por no decir nunca = if ever.

* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.

* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.

* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.

* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.

* por no mencionar = not to mention.

* por norma = as a rule.

* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.

* por orden de = mandated.

* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.

* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.

* por orden numérico = in numerical order.

* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.

* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.

* por parejas = in pairs.

* por parte de = on the part of.

* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.

* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por pereza = lazily.

* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.

* por persona = per person.

* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por poco dinero = cheaply.

* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por poderes = by proxy.

* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.

* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.

* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.

* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.

* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.

* por principio = on principle.

* por principios = as a matter of principle.

* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.

* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.

* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.

* por pura diversión = for kicks.

* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por qué = why.

* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.

* por razones de = for the sake of.

* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.

* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.

* por razones morales = on moral grounds.

* por razones personales = for personal reasons.

* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.

* por rencor = out of spite.

* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.

* por rumores = grapevine.

* por rutina = routinely.

* por sacos = by the sackful.

* por satélite = satellite-based.

* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.

* por seguridad = for safety reasons.

* por semana = per week.

* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.

* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.

* por sexo = along gender lines.

* por si = in the chance that.

* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.

* por si casualidad = in the chance that.

* por si era poco = for good measure.

* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.

* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.

* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.

* por sí mismos = in themselves.

* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.

* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].

* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.

* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.

* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.

* por sorpresa = unawares.

* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.

* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.

* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.

* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.

* por su papel = in its role.

* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.

* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.

* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.

* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.

* por su volatilidad = mercurially.

* por su volubilidad = mercurially.

* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.

* por temas = topically.

* por temor a = for fear of/that.

* por temor a represalias = under duress.

* por término medio = on average.

* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].

* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.

* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].

* por toda la provincia = province-wide.

* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.

* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.

* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.

* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].

* por todo el continente = continent-wide.

* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].

* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.

* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.

* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.

* por todo el servicio = service-wide.

* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.

* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.

* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.

* por todos conocido = well-known.

* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.

* por todos los medios = by all means.

* por todos sitios = everywhere.

* por triplicado = in triplicate.

* por trueque = in kind.

* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.

* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.

* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.

* por unanimidad = unanimously.

* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.

* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.

* por unidad = per unit.

* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.

* por un momento = for a moment.

* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.

* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.

* por uno solo = solo.

* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.

* por un tiempo = for a time.

* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.

* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.

* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.

* por venganza = out of spite.

* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.

* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.

* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.

* transporte por tierra = land transport.

* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.

* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.

* * *

preposición

Sentido I

1) ( en relaciones causales) because of

lo he puesto aquí por el gato — I've put it here because of the cat

por falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money

eso te pasa por crédulo — that's what you get for being (so) gullible

por naturaleza — by nature

por necesidad — out of necessity

tanto por su precio como por su calidad — both for its price and its quality

fue por eso que vine — that was why I came

si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...

fue elogiado por su actuación — he was praised for his performance

por + inf — for -ing

me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me

2) ( según)

por lo que he oído — from what I've heard

por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...

3) (en locs)

por qué — why

¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

por si — in case; acaso, mosca II

4) ( en expresiones concesivas)

por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try

por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is

5)

a) ( en expresiones de modo)

colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height

por orden de altura — in order of height

por adelantado — in advance

por escrito — in writing

b) ( indicando el medio)

se lo comunicaron por teléfono — they told him over the phone

lo dijeron por la radio — they said it on the radio

por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road

la conocí por la voz — I recognized her by her voice

me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend

lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way

c) (Educ) from

es doctor honoris causa por Oxford — he has an honorary doctorate from Oxford

6)

a) ( en relaciones de proporción)

cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class

120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour

lo venden por metro — they sell it by the meter

tú comes por tres — you eat enough for three people

había un hombre por cada dos mujeres — there was one man to every two women

tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho — it's three meters long by one meter wide

es bastante por hoy — it's enough for today

uno por uno — one by one; ciento II

b) ( en multiplicaciones)

tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

7)

a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) for

su secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf

yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place

podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman

es senador por Sevilla — he's a senator for Seville

b) ( como)

por ejemplo — for example

¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

8) ( introduciendo el agente) by

compuesto por Mozart — composed by Mozart

se vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta — they were caught in a sudden storm

Sentido II

9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)

pelearse por algo — to fight over something

lo hace por el dinero — he does it for the money

te lo digo por tu bien — I'm telling you for your own good

no tengo por qué ir — there's no reason why I should go

por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her

no entré por no molestar — I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him

eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it

por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him

lucharon por que se hiciera justicia — they fought for justice to be done

10) (indicando consideración, favor) for

por mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake

11) (indicando inclinación, elección)

su amor por la música — her love of music

demostró interés por el cuadro — he showed interest in the painting

no siento nada por él — I don't feel anything for him

opté por no ir — I chose not to go

votó por ella — he voted for her

12) ( en busca de)

salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

13) ( en lo que respecta a)

por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind

por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

14) ( indicando una situación pendiente)

por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean

estos cambios aún están por hacer — these changes are yet to be made

eso está por ver! — we'll see about that!

15) (esp AmL)

estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)

deben (de) estar por llegar — they should be arriving any minute

la leche está por hervir — the milk's about to boil

Sentido III

16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)

entró por la ventana — he came in through the window

no va a pasar por la puerta — it won't go through the door

sal por aquí — go out this way

se cayó por la escalera — he fell down the stairs

subieron por la ladera este — they went up by the east face

¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

fuimos por el camino más largo — we took the longer route

¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?

¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

17)

a) ( expresando lugar indeterminado)

está por ahí — he's over there somewhere

¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?

viven por mi barrio — they live around my area

¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?

por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere

b) ( expresando lugar determinado)

corta por aquí — cut here

voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15

empieza por el principio — start at the beginning

agárralo por el mango — hold it by the handle

c) ( indicando extensión)

por todo el país — throughout the (whole) country

viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France

pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc

Sentido IV

18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)

por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time

sucedió allá por 1960 — it happened some time back around 1960

19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for

me lo regaló por mi cumpleaños — she gave it to me for my birthday

20) ( durante) for

por los siglos de los siglos — for ever and ever

por el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche

* * *

= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.

Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex: This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.

Ex: I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.

Ex: This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.

Ex: A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.

Ex: Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.

Ex: Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.

Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.

Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.

Ex: Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.

Ex: Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.

Ex: AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.

Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.

Ex: The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.

Ex: 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.

Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.

Ex: Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.

Ex: Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.

Ex: But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.

Ex: This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.

* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.

* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).

* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.

* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.

* coger por sorpresa = catch out.

* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.

* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.

* encontrar por casualidad = come across.

* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.

* error por omisión = omission failure.

* estar por delante de = be ahead of.

* hecho por encargo = bespoke.

* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.

* leer por encima = browse.

* llamar por teléfono = call up.

* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.

* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.

* ordenado por fecha = in date order.

* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.

* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* por accidente = accidentally.

* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].

* por ahí = out there.

* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.

* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.

* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.

* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.

* por algún tiempo = for sometime.

* por allí = nearby [near-by].

* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por analogía = by analogy.

* por anticipado = in advance (of).

* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.

* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.

* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.

* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.

* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.

* por así decir = as it were.

* por boca de = by word of mouth.

* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.

* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.

* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.

* por cabeza = per person.

* por cable = wireline, corded.

* por caminos apartados = off-road.

* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.

* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).

* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.

* por coincidencia = by coincidence.

* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por completo = fully.

* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.

* por consideración a = out of respect for.

* por consideración a = out of consideration for.

* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.

* por contra = in contrast.

* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por correo = by post, mailed.

* por cortesía de = courtesy of.

* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.

* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.

* por cuanto que = because.

* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.

* por cuenta de uno = privately.

* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.

* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.

* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.

* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.

* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.

* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.

* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.

* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.

* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.

* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].

* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.

* por décadas = ten-yearly.

* por decidir = to be decided.

* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.

* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.

* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.

* por decisión propia = by choice.

* por defecto = by default, default.

* por deferencia a = in deference to.

* por definición = by definition.

* por delante = ahead.

* por delante de = ahead of.

* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.

* por delante y por detrás = front and back.

* por dentro = inwardly.

* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.

* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.

* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.

* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por divertirse = for kicks.

* por doquier = all around.

* por dos años = two-year.

* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.

* por (el) amor a = for the love of.

* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.

* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.

* por el detalle = for detail.

* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.

* por el día o por la noche = day or night.

* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.

* por elección propia = by choice.

* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.

* por el gobierno federal = federally.

* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.

* por el hombre = humanly.

* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.

* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.

* por el modo = by the way.

* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.

* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.

* por el receptor = at the receiving end.

* por el sexo = gendered.

* por encargo = custom, bespoke.

* por encima = overhead, cursorily.

* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.

* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.

* por encima de eso = beyond that.

* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.

* por encima de la media = above average.

* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.

* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.

* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.

* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.

* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.

* por enfado = out of anger.

* por enojo = out of anger.

* por error = by mistake.

* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.

* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.

* por eso = on that score, therefore.

* por eso que = hence.

* por esta razón = for this reason.

* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.

* por este motivo = for this reason.

* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.

* por etapas = staged.

* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.

* por exceso = excessively, to excess.

* por explotar = untapped.

* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.

* por extensión = by extension.

* por extenso = in full, at length.

* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.

* por fases = staged.

* por favor = please.

* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].

* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.

* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).

* por frustración = out of frustration.

* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.

* por grupos = in batches.

* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por hora = hourly.

* por horas = on an hourly basis.

* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).

* por imitación = copycat.

* por incremento gradual = incremental.

* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.

* por individuo = per capita, per person.

* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.

* por instinto = instinctively.

* por interés = out of interest.

* por interés personal = self-interested.

* por investigar = unresearched.

* por invitación = invitational.

* por invitación de = at the invitation of.

* por la borda = overboard.

* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por la forma = by the way.

* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.

* por la fuerza = forcibly.

* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.

* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.

* por la manera = by the way.

* por la mañana = in the morning.

* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.

* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.

* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.

* por la presente = hereby.

* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.

* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.

* por las nubes = soaring.

* por la tarde = in the evening.

* por ley = mandated.

* por libre = freelance.

* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.

* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.

* por lo pronto = for the time being.

* por lo que = so.

* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.

* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.

* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.

* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.

* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.

* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.

* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.

* por los suelos = in tatters.

* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.

* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.

* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.

* por mal camino = astray.

* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por materias = subject-based, topically.

* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.

* por medio = out of.

* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.

* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.

* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.

* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.

* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.

* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.

* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.

* por menús = menu-driven.

* por méritos = meritorious.

* por mes = per month.

* por miedo de = for fear of/that.

* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.

* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.

* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.

* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.

* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.

* por muchas razones = in many ways.

* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.

* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.

* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.

* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.

* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* por nada = for nothing.

* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.

* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.

* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.

* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.

* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.

* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.

* por no decir nunca = if ever.

* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.

* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.

* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.

* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.

* por no mencionar = not to mention.

* por norma = as a rule.

* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.

* por orden de = mandated.

* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.

* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.

* por orden numérico = in numerical order.

* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.

* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.

* por parejas = in pairs.

* por parte de = on the part of.

* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.

* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por pereza = lazily.

* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.

* por persona = per person.

* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por poco dinero = cheaply.

* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por poderes = by proxy.

* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.

* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.

* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.

* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.

* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.

* por principio = on principle.

* por principios = as a matter of principle.

* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.

* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.

* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.

* por pura diversión = for kicks.

* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por qué = why.

* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.

* por razones de = for the sake of.

* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.

* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.

* por razones morales = on moral grounds.

* por razones personales = for personal reasons.

* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.

* por rencor = out of spite.

* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.

* por rumores = grapevine.

* por rutina = routinely.

* por sacos = by the sackful.

* por satélite = satellite-based.

* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.

* por seguridad = for safety reasons.

* por semana = per week.

* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.

* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.

* por sexo = along gender lines.

* por si = in the chance that.

* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.

* por si casualidad = in the chance that.

* por si era poco = for good measure.

* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.

* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.

* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.

* por sí mismos = in themselves.

* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.

* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].

* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.

* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.

* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.

* por sorpresa = unawares.

* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.

* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.

* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.

* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.

* por su papel = in its role.

* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.

* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.

* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.

* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.

* por su volatilidad = mercurially.

* por su volubilidad = mercurially.

* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.

* por temas = topically.

* por temor a = for fear of/that.

* por temor a represalias = under duress.

* por término medio = on average.

* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].

* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.

* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].

* por toda la provincia = province-wide.

* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.

* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.

* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.

* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].

* por todo el continente = continent-wide.

* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].

* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.

* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.

* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.

* por todo el servicio = service-wide.

* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.

* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.

* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.

* por todos conocido = well-known.

* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.

* por todos los medios = by all means.

* por todos sitios = everywhere.

* por triplicado = in triplicate.

* por trueque = in kind.

* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.

* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.

* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.

* por unanimidad = unanimously.

* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.

* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.

* por unidad = per unit.

* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.

* por un momento = for a moment.

* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.

* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.

* por uno solo = solo.

* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.

* por un tiempo = for a time.

* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.

* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.

* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.

* por venganza = out of spite.

* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.

* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.

* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.

* transporte por tierra = land transport.

* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.

* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.

* * *

por

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

Sentido I

A en relaciones causales

B según

C ¿por qué?

D en locuciones

E en expresiones concesivas

F

1 en expresiones de modo

2 indicando el medio

3 Educación

G

1 en relaciones de proporción

2 en multiplicaciones

H

1 en relaciones de sustitución etc

2 por ejemplo

I como

Sentido II

A al expresar finalidad, objetivo

B indicando consideración, favor

C indicando inclinación, elección

D en busca de

E en lo que respecta a

F indicando una situación pendiente

G estar por

Sentido III

A indicando lugar de acceso, salida

B

expresando lugar indeterminado

C expresando lugar determinado

D indicando extensión

Sentido IV

A expresando tiempo aproximado

B indicando una ocasión

C durante

prep

Sentido I

A (en relaciones causales) because of

he puesto esto aquí por el gato I've put this here because of the cat

nunca se lo dijo por miedo a perderla he never told her out of fear of losing her o because he was afraid of losing her

eso te pasa por crédulo that's what you get for being (so) gullible

lo conseguimos por él we got it thanks to him

ella es así por naturaleza she's like that by nature

lo hace por necesidad he does it out of necessity

no se acabó por falta de dinero it wasn't finished for o because of o owing to lack of money

el final no por conocido me resulta menos triste knowing how it ends doesn't make it any less sad

por su alto contenido en proteínas because of o owing to its high protein content

tanto por su precio como por su practicidad both for its price and its practical design

fue por eso por lo que no te llamé or fue por eso que no te llamé that was the reason o that was why I didn't call you

precisamente por eso no dije nada that's precisely why I didn't say anything

la muerte se produjo por asfixia he suffocated, death was caused by suffocation ( frml)

éste serviría si no fuera por el color this one would do if it weren't for the color

fue elogiado por su excelente actuación he was praised for his excellent performance

por + INF for -ING

me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me

eso

B (según) from

por lo que he oído from what I've heard

por lo que parece no va a volver it seems o it would seem he's not coming back

por mi experiencia diría que … from my experience, I would say that …

C ( fam):

¿por? why?

¿con quién vas? — con Daniel ¿por? who are you going with? — with Daniel, why? o why do you want to know?

D ( en locuciones):

por qué why

¿por qué lloras? why are you crying?

¿por qué no vienes a almorzar a casa? why don't you come to my house for lunch?

por si in case

llévate una muda, por si tuvieras que quedarte take a change of clothes (just) in case you have to stay

acaso, mosca² (↑ mosca (2))

E (en expresiones concesivas) por … QUE:

por más que me esfuerzo me sigue saliendo mal no matter how hard I try o however hard I try, I still can't get it right

(+ subj): por (muy) fácil que se lo pongan, no creo que lo sepa hacer however easy o no matter how easy they make it for him I don't think he'll be able to do it

F

1

(en expresiones de modo): clasifícalos por tamaño classify them according to size o by size

colóquense por orden de altura line up in order of height

por adelantado in advance

por escrito in writing

2

(indicando el medio): se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phone

lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio

lo mandaron por avión/barco they sent it by air/sea

por carretera by road

la conocí por la voz I recognized the o her voice, I recognized her by her voice

me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend

conocido por el nombre de Pancho known as Pancho

lo intenté por todos los medios I tried everything possible o every possible way

3 ( Educación):

es doctor honoris causa por Oxford he has an honorary doctorate from Oxford

un graduado en ciencias políticas por la universidad de Granada a graduate in political science from the university of Granada

G

1

(en relaciones de proporción): cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class

120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour

lo venden por metro they sell it by the meter

tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people

había un hombre por cada dos mujeres there was one man to every two women

tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide

ya hemos hecho bastante por hoy we've done enough for today

los hizo entrar uno por uno she made them come in one by one o one at a time

examinar un escrito punto por punto to go through a document point by point

ciento² (↑ ciento (2))

2 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ]

(en multiplicaciones): tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

H

1

(en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación): su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf

yo puedo ir por ti I can go for you o in your place

por toda respuesta se encogió de hombros all he did was shrug his shoulders

tú podrías pasar por inglesa you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman

te dan uno nuevo por dos viejos they give you one new one in exchange for two old ones

es senador por Canarias he's a senator for the Canary Islands

2

(como): por ejemplo for example

¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

I (introduciendo el agente) by

un lugar frecuentado por muchos famosos a place frequented by many famous people

se vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta they were caught in a sudden storm

la ocupación de la fábrica por (parte de) los obreros the occupation of the factory by the workers

ver tb parte² f B. (↑ parte (2))

Sentido II

A

(al expresar finalidad, objetivo): se estaban peleando por la pelota they were fighting over the ball

lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money

te lo digo por tu bien I'm telling you for your own good

por + INF:

daría cualquier cosa por verte contento I'd give anything to see you happy

no entré por no molestar I didn't go in so as not to disturb him o because I didn't want to disturb him

eso es hablar por hablar that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it

por QUE + SUBJ here por que can also be written porque:

estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him

recemos por que lleguen a un acuerdo let's pray that they'll come to an agreement

siguieron luchando por que se hiciera justicia they continued fighting for justice to be done

B

(indicando consideración, favor): haría cualquier cosa por ti I'd do anything for you

intercede por nosotros intercede for us

por mí no lo hagas don't do it just for me o for my sake

C

(indicando inclinación, elección): su amor por la música her love of music

demostró gran interés por el cuadro he showed great interest in the painting

no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him

opté por no ir I chose not to go

votó por ella he voted for her

¿por la afirmativa? all those in favor?

se manifestaron por el derecho al aborto they demonstrated for the right to abortion

estar por algn ( fam); to be crazy about sb

D

(en busca de): salió/fue poror ( Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

E

(en lo que respecta a): por mí no hay inconveniente I don't mind

que haga lo que le dé la gana, por mí … let him do what he likes, as far as I'm concerned …

F (indicando una situación pendiente) por + INF:

tengo toda la casa por limpiar I've got the whole house to clean

estos cambios aún están por hacer these changes have still not been made o are yet to be made

ver² vt C 1. (↑ ver (2))

G

( AmL) estar por + INF (estar a punto de): deben de estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute

la leche está por hervir the milk's about to boil

Sentido III

A

(indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria): entró por la ventana he came in through the window

sal por aquí go out this way

el acceso al edificio es por la calle Lamas you enter the building from Lamas Street

el piano no va a pasar por la puerta the piano won't go through the door

se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs

subieron por la ladera este they went up by the east face

¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

fuimos por el camino más largo we took the longer route

no vayas por ahí que te vas a perder don't go that way, you'll get lost

¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?

¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

B

(expresando lugar indeterminado): está por ahí he's over there somewhere

¿por dónde está or queda el restaurante? whereabouts is the restaurant?

viven por el sur/por mi barrio they live in the south somewhere/around my area

hace mucho que no lo vemos por aquí we haven't seen him around here for ages

¿qué tal te fue por Londres? how did you get on in London?

C

(expresando lugar determinado): corta por aquí cut here

voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15

empieza por el principio start at the beginning

agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle

D

(indicando extensión): lo he buscado por todos lados or por todas partes I've looked everywhere for it

la epidemia se extendió por todo el país the epidemic spread throughout the (whole) country

estuvimos viajando por el norte de Francia we were traveling around o in the North of France

fuimos a caminar por la playa we went for a walk along the beach

pasa un trapo por el piso give the floor a quick wipe

ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera¹ adv A 1. (↑ fuera (1)), encima, por etc

Sentido IV

A

(expresando tiempo aproximado): por aquella época at that time

por aquel entonces vivían en Pozuelo at that time they were living in Pozuelo

sucedió por allá por 1960 it happened some time back around 1960

B ( Esp) (indicando una ocasión) for

me lo regalaron por mi cumpleaños they gave it to me for my birthday

por Semana Santa pensamos ir a Londres we're thinking of going to London for Easter

C (durante) for

por los siglos de los siglos for ever and ever

no se lo confío ni por un minuto I wouldn't trust him with it for a minute

puede quedar así por el momento or por ahora it can stay like that for the time being o for now

ver tb mañana³ (↑ mañana (3)), tarde² (↑ tarde (2)), noche

* * *

por preposición
1 ( causa) because of;
◊ por falta de dinero because of o owing to lack of money;

por naturaleza by nature;
por necesidad out of necessity;
por eso no dije nada that's why I didn't say anything;
fue por eso que no te llamé that was why I didn't call you;
si no fuera por mi hijo … if it wasn't for my son …;
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2 ( en locs)
◊ por qué why;

no dijo por qué he didn't say why;
¿por qué no vienes conmigo? why don't you come with me?;
por si in case;
por si no entiende in case he doesn't understand;
See Also→ acaso 2, mosca
3 ( en expresiones concesivas):
◊ por más que me esfuerzo however hard o no matter how hard I try;

por (muy) fácil que sea however easy o no matter how easy it is
4
a) ( modo):

◊ colócalos por orden de tamaño put them in order of size;

por adelantado in advance;
por escrito in writing
b) ( medio):

◊ se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phone;

lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio;
por avión by air;
la conocí por la voz I recognized her by her voice;
me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend
5
a) ( proporción):

◊ cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class;

120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour;
por metro/docena by the meter/dozen;
tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people;
tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide;
uno por uno one by one;
See Also→ ciento sustantivo masculino b
b) ( en multiplicaciones):

◊ tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

6
a) ( sustitución) for;

◊ su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf;

pasa por inglesa she passes for an Englishwoman
b) ( como):

◊ por ejemplo for example

7 ( introduciendo el agente) by;
◊ compuesto por Mozart composed by Mozart

1 (finalidad, objetivo):
◊ pelearse por algo to fight over sth;

lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money;
no entré por no molestarlo I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him;
por que + subj (here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him
2 (indicando inclinación, elección):
◊ su amor por la música her love of music;

no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him;
votó por ella he voted for her
3 ( en busca de): salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
4 ( en lo que respecta a):
◊ por mí que haga lo que quiera as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

5 (esp AmL) estar por + inf ( estar a punto de) to be about to + inf;
◊ está por terminar he's about to finish;

deben (de) estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute
1
a) ( lugar):

◊ entró por la ventana he came in through the window;

sal por aquí go out this way;
se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs;
¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?;
¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?;
está por ahí he's over there somewhere;
¿por dónde está el hotel? whereabouts is the hotel?;
viven por mi barrio they live around my area;
voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15;
empieza por el principio start at the beginning;
agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle
b) ( indicando extensión): por todos lados or por todas partes everywhere;

◊ viajamos por el norte de Francia we traveled around o in the North of France;

ver tb dentro, fuera, encima, etc
2 ( tiempo) for;
◊ por un mes for a month;

por el momento or por ahora for the time being, for now;
ver tb mañana, tarde, noche
3 (Esp) ( ocasión) for;
◊ me lo regaló por mi cumpleaños she gave it to me for my birthday

por preposición
1 (autoría) by: está escrito por mí, it was written by me
2 (camino, lugar) through: viajamos por Castilla, we travelled round Castilla
3 (medio) lo enviaron por avión, they sent it by plane
me enteré por el periódico, I read about it in the newspaper
4 (motivo, causa) because of
por tu culpa, because of you
(en favor de) for: hazlo por ellos, do it for their sake
por la libertad, for freedom
5 (en torno a) por San Juan, near Saint John's Day
6 (durante) por la mañana/noche, in the morning/at night
por el momento, for the time being
7 (a través) entramos por la puerta, we got in through the door
miramos por la ventana, we looked out (of) the window
pasamos por la ciudad, we went through the town
8 (sobre, por encima de) cruzaremos por el puente, we'll cross the bridge
9 (delante de) paso todos los días por tu casa, I go by your house every day
10 (a cambio de) for: te doy mi helado por tu yogur, I'll swap you my ice-cream for your yoghurt
11 (en una distribución, cálculo) por cabeza, a head, per person
mil pesetas por hora, a thousand pesetas per hour
dos mil revoluciones por minuto, two thousand revolutions per minute
12 (en una multiplicación) dos por dos, cuatro, two times two is four
un diez por ciento, ten per cent
13 (con infinitivo) in order to, so as to
trabajar por trabajar, to work for the sake of it
♦ Locuciones: por así decirlo, so to speak
por más/mucho que..., no matter how...
por qué, why
' por' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abogar
- abonar
- abonarse
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abuelo
- acabar
- acaso
- accidente
- acercarse
- acertar
- aclamación
- acomplejada
- acomplejado
- acomplejarse
- acoquinar
- acostumbrar
- actual
- adelantada
- adelantado
- adivinar
- admitir
- adoración
- aérea
- aéreo
- afanarse
- afectada I
- afectado
- afición
- agradecer
- aguantar
- ahí
- ahogada
- ahogado
- ahora
- ahorcarse
- ahorrar
- aire
- alegrarse
- algo
- allá
- allí
- almacén
- alquiler
- alta
- alto
- aludida
- aludido
- amarga
English:
A
- aback
- ablaze
- about
- above
- absence
- absorb
- accident
- accidentally
- acclaim
- accompany
- accord
- accordingly
- account
- accustom
- actual
- actually
- add to
- advocate
- after
- afternoon
- again
- against
- air
- airmail
- alert
- allowance
- alone
- alphabetically
- alternately
- amble
- amends
- amok
- angry
- annihilate
- annoy
- answer for
- answering service
- antipathy
- anxious
- anywhere
- apologetic
- apologize
- appal
- appall
- apparently
- appearance
- appease
- appointment
- appreciate

* * *

por prep

1. [indica causa] because of;

llegó tarde por el tráfico she was late because of the traffic;

lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love;

me disculpé por llegar tarde I apologized for arriving late;

miré dentro por simple curiosidad I looked inside out of pure curiosity;

accidentes por conducción temeraria accidents caused by reckless driving;

muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares deaths from cardiovascular disease;

no quise llamar por la hora (que era) I didn't want to call because of the time;

cerrado por vacaciones/reformas [en letrero] closed for holidays/alterations;

por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me;
Esp
fue por eso por lo que tuvimos tantos problemas, Am [m5] fue por eso que tuvimos tantos problemas that's why we had so many problems;

eso te pasa por (ser tan) generoso that's what you get for being so generous;

la razón por (la) que dimite the reason (why) she is resigning;

¿por qué? why?;

¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?;

¿por qué lo preguntas? – por nada why do you ask? – no reason;
Fam
¿por? why?;

por si in case;

por si se te olvida in case you forget

2. [indica indicio]
por lo que me dices/lo que he oído no debe de ser tan difícil from what you say/what I've heard, it can't be that difficult;

por lo que tengo entendido, viven juntos as I understand it, they live together, my understanding is that they live together;

por lo visto, por lo que se ve apparently

3. [indica finalidad] (antes de infinitivo) (in order) to;

* * *

por

prp

1 motivo for, because of;

lo hace por mí he does it for me;

lo hizo por amor she did it out of o for love;

luchó por sus ideales he fought for his ideals;

por miedo a ofenderle for fear of upsetting her;

vino por verme he came to see me

2 medio by;

por avión by air;

por correo by mail, Br

tb by post

3 tiempo

:

por un año/un segundo for a year/a second;

por la mañana in the morning;

por Navidad around Christmas

4 movimiento

:

por la calle down the street;

por un tunel through a tunnel;

por aquí this way

5 posición aproximada around, about;

está por aquí it’s around here (somewhere);

vive por el centro de la ciudad she lives somewhere around the center of town

6 cambio

:

por cincuenta pesos for fifty pesos;

por cabeza each, a head

7 otros usos

:

por hora an o per hour;

dos por dos two times two;

¿por qué? why?;

el motivo por el cual o

por el que … the reason why …;

esa factura aún está por pagar that invoice still has to be paid;

tomar por esposa marry;

por difícil que sea however difficult it might be

* * *

por prep

1) : for, during

se quedaron allí por la semana: they stayed there during the week

por el momento: for now, at the moment

2) : around, during

por noviembre empieza a nevar: around November it starts to snow

por la mañana: in the morning

3) : around (a place)

debe estar por allí: it must be over there

por todas partes: everywhere

4) : by, through, along

por la puerta: through the door

pasé por tu casa: I stopped by your house

por la costa: along the coast

5) : for, for the sake of

lo hizo por su madre: he did it for his mother

¡por Dios!: for heaven's sake!

6) : because of, on account of

llegué tarde por el tráfico: I arrived late because of the traffic

dejar por imposible: to give up as impossible

7) : per

60 millas por hora: 60 miles per hour

por docena: by the dozen

8) : for, in exchange for, instead of

su hermana habló por él: his sister spoke on his behalf

9) : by means of

hablar por teléfono: to talk on the phone

por escrito: in writing

10) : as for

por mí: as far as I'm concerned

11) : times

tres por dos son seis: three times two is six

12) según: from, according to

por lo que dices: judging from what you're telling me

13) : as, for

por ejemplo: for example

14) : by

hecho por mi abuela: made by my grandmother

por correo: by mail

15) : for, in order to

lucha por ganar su respeto: he struggles to win her respect

16)

estar por : to be about to

17)

por ciento : percent

18)

por favor : please

19)

por lo tanto : therefore, consequently

20)

¿por qué? : why?

21)

por que porque

22)

por... que : no matter how

por mucho que intente: no matter how hard I try

23)

por si or

por si acaso : just in case

* * *

por prep

1. (a través de) through

entra por la puerta de la derecha go in through the door on the right

por el bosque through the wood

2. (la calle) along / down

iba por la calle I was walking down the street

3. (indica camino) via / by

fuimos por la carretera comarcal we went by the B road

4. (indica una parte concreta) by

sujeta la cacerola por el asa hold the saucepan by its handle

5. (indica el tiempo)

por la mañana in the morning

por Navidades at Christmas

por la noche at night

por unos días for a few days

6. (a causa de) because of

suspendieron el concierto por la lluvia the concert was cancelled because of the rain

7. (a fin de) to / in order to

por complacer al padre in order to please her father

8. (indica el autor) by

el cuadro fue pintado por Picasso the picture was painted by Picasso

9. (en favor o defensa de) for

haría cualquier cosa por su hijo she'd do anything for her son

es por tu propio bien it's for your own good

10. (multiplicado) times

cuatro por cuatro son dieciséis four times four is sixteen

11. (a cambio de) for

lo compré por cien pesetas I bought it for a hundred pesetas

te doy este libro por esos sellos I'll give you this book for those stamps

12. (en vez de) instead of

ya jugaré yo por Jaime I'll play instead of Jaime

13. (indica que una acción todavía no está hecha)

las camas están por hacer the beds still have to be made

ir por / ir a por to fetch

¡ve a por mis zapatillas, por favor! fetch my slippers, please!

por + adjetivo however + adjective

por barato que parezca however cheap it may seem

por mucho que te quejes however much you complain

por aquí (cerca) near here (indicando camino) this way

por ciento per cent

por correo by post

por fin at last

por la fuerza by force

por lo general generally / usually

por lo menos at least

por mí as far as I'm concerned

por si... in case...

por sorpresa by surprise

por supuesto of course

por tanto therefore

por teléfono on the telephone

¿por qué? why?

Spanish-English dictionary > por
12 último

adj.

1 last, finishing, last one, hindmost.

2 ultimate, quintessential.

* * *

último

► adjetivo

1 last

2 (más reciente) latest; (de dos) latter

3 (más alejado) furthest; (más abajo) bottom, lowest; (más arriba) top; (más atrás) back

4 (definitivo) final

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a la última up to date

a últimos de towards the end of

por último finally

ser lo último familiar (el colmo) to be just too much

estar en las últimas (moribundo) to be at death's door 2 (arruinado) to be down and out

* * *

(f. - última)

adj.

1) last

2) final

3) latter

•

- por último

* * *
último, -a
1. ADJ

1) (=final) last

el último día del mes — the last day of the month

la última película que hizo Orson Wells — the last film Orson Wells made

las últimas Navidades que pasamos allí — the last Christmas we spent there

la Última Cena — (Rel) the Last Supper

• a lo último — * in the end

¿y qué ocurre a lo último? — and what happens in the end?

estoy a lo último del libro — I've nearly finished the book

• por último — finally, lastly

por último, el conferenciante hizo referencia a... — finally o lastly, the speaker mentioned...

• por última vez — for the last time

2) (=más reciente)

a) [en una serie] [ejemplar, moda, novedad] latest; [elecciones, periodo] last

este coche es el último modelo — this car is the latest model

¿has leído el último número de la revista? — have you read the latest issue of the magazine?

las últimas noticias — the latest news

las últimas novedades musicales — the latest music releases

los dos últimos cuadros que ha hecho no son tan innovadores — his two latest o his latest two paintings are not so innovative

durante la última década — in o over the last decade

en las últimas horas ha aparecido otro posible comprador — in the last few hours another possible buyer has emerged

volvió a salir elegido en las últimas elecciones — he was reelected at the last election

la última película que he visto — the last film I saw

las últimas películas que he visto — the last few films I have seen

• ahora último — Chile recently

su malhumor no es de ahora último — his bad mood is not a recent thing

ha estado estudiando más ahora último — he's been studying more recently

• en los últimos años — in o over the last few years, in recent years

• en los últimos tiempos — lately

b) [entre dos] latter

de los dos, este último es el mejor — of the two, the latter is the best
hora 2), b)
3) [en el espacio]

a) (=más al fondo) back

un asiento en la última fila — a seat in the back row

b) (=más alto) top

viven en el último piso — they live on the top floor

c) (=más bajo) bottom, last

el último escalón — the bottom o last step

el equipo en última posición — the team in last o bottom place

ocupan el último lugar en el índice de audiencia — they have the lowest viewing figures

d) (=más lejano) most remote, furthest

las noticias llegan hasta el último rincón del país — news gets to the most remote o the furthest parts of the country

4) (=extremo)

solo lo aceptaremos como último recurso — we will only accept it as a last resort

en último caso, iría yo — as a last resort o if all else fails, I would go

esta medida tiene como fin último reducir el nivel de contaminación — the ultimate aim of this measure is to reduce pollution levels
extremo II, 1., 2), instancia 3), remedio 2)
5) (=definitivo)

es mi última oferta — that's my final offer

dígame cuál es el último precio — tell me what your lowest price is

- decir la última palabra

6)

• lo último * —

a) (=lo más moderno) the latest thing

lo último en pantalones — the latest thing in trousers

lo último en tecnología ofimática — the latest (in) office technology

b) (=lo peor) the limit

pedirme eso encima ya es lo último — for him to ask that of me as well really is the limit

2. SM / F

1)

el último — the last, the last one

el último de la lista — the last (one) on the list

¿quién es la última? — who's the last in the queue?

hablar el último — to speak last

llegó la última — she arrived last

ser el último en hacer algo — to be the last (one) to do sth

el último en salir que apague la luz — the last one to leave, turn the light off

- reírse el último

a la última —

estar a la última — to be bang up-to-date *

siempre va vestida a la última — she's always wearing the latest thing

zapatos a la última — the latest thing in shoes

- estar en las últimas

- en últimas
vestir
2) *

¿a qué no sabes la última de Irene? — do you know the latest about Irene?

3) Esp

a últimos de mes — towards the end of the month

3.

ADV Cono Sur in the last position, in the last place

* * *
I
- ma adjetivo (delante del n)

1)

a) ( en el tiempo) last

hasta últimas horas de la noche — until late at night

en el último momento or a última hora — at the last minute o moment

b) ( más reciente)

¿cuándo fue la última vez que lo usaste? — when did you last use it?

su último libro — his latest book

en los últimos tiempos — recently, in recent years (o months etc)

2)

a) ( en una serie) last

estar en último lugar — to be last

último aviso a los pasajeros del vuelo... — last o final call for passengers on flight...

en el último puesto de la división — at the bottom of the division

por última vez — for the last time

como último recurso — as a last resort

ser lo último — (fam) ( el colmo) to be the last straw o the limit; ( lo más reciente) to be the latest thing

b) (como adv) (CS) <salir/terminar> last

llegó último en la carrera — he finished last in the race

3) ( en el espacio)

el último piso — the top floor

la última fila — the back row

la última página del periódico — the back page of the newspaper

aunque tenga que ir al último rincón del mundo — even if I have to go to the ends of the earth

4) ( definitivo)

es mi última oferta — it's my final offer

siempre tiene que decir la última palabra — he always has to have the last word

•

- Última Cena

- última hora

- última morada

- última voluntad
II
- ma masculino, femenino last one

era el último que me quedaba — it was my last one

el último de la lista — the last person on the list

es el último de la clase — he's bottom of the class

¿sabes la última que me hizo? — do you know what he's done to me now?

¿te cuento la última? — (fam) do you want to hear the latest? (colloq)

a últimos de — (Esp) toward(s) the end of

por último — finally, lastly

en (Col) or (Ven) de últimas — as a last resort, if the worst comes to the worst

a la última — (fam)

siempre va a la última — she always wears trendy clothes

estar en las últimas — ( estar a punto de morir) to be at death's door; ( no tener dinero) (fam) to be broke (colloq)

tomar la última — (fam) to have one for the road (colloq)

* * *

= last, latter, ultimate, innermost, final, back marker.

Ex. We now come to the sixth and last condition of authorship.

Ex. The former necessitate the constant comparison, or manipulation, of index entries rather than the linear scanning of entries in the latter.

Ex. Abstracting and indexing data are a vital component in the communication link between the originator of information and its ultimate consumer.

Ex. Thus a folio gathering might consist of three folio sheets, the outermost of which contained pages 1 and 12 and pages 2 and 11; the middle sheet had pages 3 and 10, 4 and 9; and the innermost sheet had pages 5 and 8, 6 and 7.

Ex. The final index will mirror current terminology.

Ex. I went right off Hamilton when he referred to back markers as something like 'those monkeys who get in the way' half way through the first season.

----

* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.

* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.

* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.

* a último momento = last minute [last-minute].

* como último recurso = as a last resort, in the last resort.

* compras de última hora = last-minute shopping.

* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.

* dar el último empujón = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.

* dar el último repaso = tie + the pieces together.

* dar los últimos retoques a = put + the finishing touches on.

* decir la última palabra = hear + the final word, outface.

* decisión de última hora = last-minute decision.

* dejarlo para última hora = leave + it until the last minute.

* de última generación = enhanced, high-tech, high-end, leading edge.

* de última hora = last minute [last-minute], late breaking [late-breaking], up-to-the-minute, hot off the griddle.

* de última línea = streamlined.

* de última moda = new-fangled [newfangled].

* de última novedad = streamlined.

* de último grito = streamlined.

* de último momento = last minute [last-minute].

* durante el último año = over the last year.

* durante los dos últimos meses = over the last couple of months.

* durante los últimos años = over the past few years, over recent years.

* durante los últimos + Expresión Temporal = over the past + Expresión Temporal.

* durante los últimos + Número + años = over the last + Número + years.

* el último = the latest + Nombre.

* el último citado = latter.

* el último grito = the last word, the cat's meow, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.

* en el último caso = in the latter case.

* en el último minuto = last minute [last-minute], at the last minute.

* en el último momento = at the eleventh hour, at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last, at the last minute.

* en las últimas = fag-end, goner.

* en las últimas décadas = in recent decades.

* en los dos últimos meses = over the last couple of months.

* en los últimos años = in recent years, over the recent past, in the last few years.

* en los últimos años de = in the last years of.

* en los últimos días = in recent days.

* en los últimos + Expresión Temporal = over the past + Expresión Temporal.

* en los últimos meses = in recent months.

* en los últimos + Tiempo = in the past + Tiempo.

* en los últimos tiempos = latterly, in recent times, in modern times, in recent memory.

* en última instancia = ultimately, in the long run, in the end, in the last analysis, in the last resort, in the final analysis.

* en último término = in the last analysis, in the final analysis.

* estar en las últimas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.

* estudiante de último año = senior student, senior.

* estudiante de último curso = final year student.

* estudiante universitario de último curso = senior major.

* hacer el último esfuerzo = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.

* hasta el último minuto = until the last minute.

* hasta última hora = until the last minute.

* información de última hora = news flash.

* la última palabra = the last word, the last word, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* la última vez = last time.

* la última vez que = the last time.

* lista de últimas adquisiciones = accessions list, list of current acquisitions, addition list.

* llevar Algo a sus últimas consecuencias = take + Nombre + to its ultimate conclusion.

* los últimos coletazos = fag-end.

* lo último = the last word.

* ¡maricón el último! = the devil take the hindmost.

* nacido el último = lastborn.

* noticia de última hora = hot off the press(es).

* noticias de última hora = breaking news.

* pendiente de ir a la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* persona que toma la última decisión = decider.

* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.

* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* precipitación de última hora = last-minute rush.

* prisa de última hora = last-minute rush.

* que siempre va a la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* que sigue la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* sección de últimos números de publicaciones periódicas = current periodicals area.

* seguidor de la última moda = faddish, faddy [faddier -comp., faddies -sup.].

* ser el último grito = be all the rage.

* ser el último mono = feel + pulled and tugged.

* ser la última palabra = be all the rage.

* ser la última persona del mundo que + Infinitivo = be one of the last people in the world to + Infinitivo.

* ser lo último = be all the rage, be the pits.

* ser lo último en = become + the next stop in.

* ser lo último en lo que + pensar = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.

* ser lo último que + ocurrir + a Alguien = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.

* tener la última palabra = have + the ultimate say, have + the final say, call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.

* Ultima Cena, la = Last Supper, the.

* última oportunidad, la = last chance, the.

* última palabra + depender de = ultimate authority + rest with.

* últimas novedades de = fresh out from.

* Posesivo + últimas palabras = last words, Posesivo + dying last words.

* últimas palabras que se han hecho famosas = famous last words.

* último aliento = death rattle, Posesivo + last breath.

* último escalafón, el = bottom rung, the.

* último mencionado, el = last mentioned, the.

* último nivel, el = bottom rung, the.

* último número, el = latest issue, the.

* último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.

* último recurso = fall-back [fallback], last resort, last ditch.

* último rincón, el = nooks and crannies.

* últimos coletazos = Indian summer.

* últimos ritos, los = final rites, the.

* último suspiro = last breath.

* último tramo, el = last leg, the.

* último trecho, el = last leg, the.

* una primera y última vez = a first and last time.

* una última vez = one last time.

* un + Nombre + a última hora de la mañana = a late morning + Nombre.

* vestido a la última = fashion statement.

* vestido a la última moda = fashion statement.

* * *
I
- ma adjetivo (delante del n)

1)

a) ( en el tiempo) last

hasta últimas horas de la noche — until late at night

en el último momento or a última hora — at the last minute o moment

b) ( más reciente)

¿cuándo fue la última vez que lo usaste? — when did you last use it?

su último libro — his latest book

en los últimos tiempos — recently, in recent years (o months etc)

2)

a) ( en una serie) last

estar en último lugar — to be last

último aviso a los pasajeros del vuelo... — last o final call for passengers on flight...

en el último puesto de la división — at the bottom of the division

por última vez — for the last time

como último recurso — as a last resort

ser lo último — (fam) ( el colmo) to be the last straw o the limit; ( lo más reciente) to be the latest thing

b) (como adv) (CS) <salir/terminar> last

llegó último en la carrera — he finished last in the race

3) ( en el espacio)

el último piso — the top floor

la última fila — the back row

la última página del periódico — the back page of the newspaper

aunque tenga que ir al último rincón del mundo — even if I have to go to the ends of the earth

4) ( definitivo)

es mi última oferta — it's my final offer

siempre tiene que decir la última palabra — he always has to have the last word

•

- Última Cena

- última hora

- última morada

- última voluntad
II
- ma masculino, femenino last one

era el último que me quedaba — it was my last one

el último de la lista — the last person on the list

es el último de la clase — he's bottom of the class

¿sabes la última que me hizo? — do you know what he's done to me now?

¿te cuento la última? — (fam) do you want to hear the latest? (colloq)

a últimos de — (Esp) toward(s) the end of

por último — finally, lastly

en (Col) or (Ven) de últimas — as a last resort, if the worst comes to the worst

a la última — (fam)

siempre va a la última — she always wears trendy clothes

estar en las últimas — ( estar a punto de morir) to be at death's door; ( no tener dinero) (fam) to be broke (colloq)

tomar la última — (fam) to have one for the road (colloq)

* * *

= last, latter, ultimate, innermost, final, back marker.

Ex: We now come to the sixth and last condition of authorship.

Ex: The former necessitate the constant comparison, or manipulation, of index entries rather than the linear scanning of entries in the latter.

Ex: Abstracting and indexing data are a vital component in the communication link between the originator of information and its ultimate consumer.

Ex: Thus a folio gathering might consist of three folio sheets, the outermost of which contained pages 1 and 12 and pages 2 and 11; the middle sheet had pages 3 and 10, 4 and 9; and the innermost sheet had pages 5 and 8, 6 and 7.

Ex: The final index will mirror current terminology.

Ex: I went right off Hamilton when he referred to back markers as something like 'those monkeys who get in the way' half way through the first season.

* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.

* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.

* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.

* a último momento = last minute [last-minute].

* como último recurso = as a last resort, in the last resort.

* compras de última hora = last-minute shopping.

* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.

* dar el último empujón = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.

* dar el último repaso = tie + the pieces together.

* dar los últimos retoques a = put + the finishing touches on.

* decir la última palabra = hear + the final word, outface.

* decisión de última hora = last-minute decision.

* dejarlo para última hora = leave + it until the last minute.

* de última generación = enhanced, high-tech, high-end, leading edge.

* de última hora = last minute [last-minute], late breaking [late-breaking], up-to-the-minute, hot off the griddle.

* de última línea = streamlined.

* de última moda = new-fangled [newfangled].

* de última novedad = streamlined.

* de último grito = streamlined.

* de último momento = last minute [last-minute].

* durante el último año = over the last year.

* durante los dos últimos meses = over the last couple of months.

* durante los últimos años = over the past few years, over recent years.

* durante los últimos + Expresión Temporal = over the past + Expresión Temporal.

* durante los últimos + Número + años = over the last + Número + years.

* el último = the latest + Nombre.

* el último citado = latter.

* el último grito = the last word, the cat's meow, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.

* en el último caso = in the latter case.

* en el último minuto = last minute [last-minute], at the last minute.

* en el último momento = at the eleventh hour, at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last, at the last minute.

* en las últimas = fag-end, goner.

* en las últimas décadas = in recent decades.

* en los dos últimos meses = over the last couple of months.

* en los últimos años = in recent years, over the recent past, in the last few years.

* en los últimos años de = in the last years of.

* en los últimos días = in recent days.

* en los últimos + Expresión Temporal = over the past + Expresión Temporal.

* en los últimos meses = in recent months.

* en los últimos + Tiempo = in the past + Tiempo.

* en los últimos tiempos = latterly, in recent times, in modern times, in recent memory.

* en última instancia = ultimately, in the long run, in the end, in the last analysis, in the last resort, in the final analysis.

* en último término = in the last analysis, in the final analysis.

* estar en las últimas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.

* estudiante de último año = senior student, senior.

* estudiante de último curso = final year student.

* estudiante universitario de último curso = senior major.

* hacer el último esfuerzo = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.

* hasta el último minuto = until the last minute.

* hasta última hora = until the last minute.

* información de última hora = news flash.

* la última palabra = the last word, the last word, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* la última vez = last time.

* la última vez que = the last time.

* lista de últimas adquisiciones = accessions list, list of current acquisitions, addition list.

* llevar Algo a sus últimas consecuencias = take + Nombre + to its ultimate conclusion.

* los últimos coletazos = fag-end.

* lo último = the last word.

* ¡maricón el último! = the devil take the hindmost.

* nacido el último = lastborn.

* noticia de última hora = hot off the press(es).

* noticias de última hora = breaking news.

* pendiente de ir a la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* persona que toma la última decisión = decider.

* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.

* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* precipitación de última hora = last-minute rush.

* prisa de última hora = last-minute rush.

* que siempre va a la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* que sigue la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* sección de últimos números de publicaciones periódicas = current periodicals area.

* seguidor de la última moda = faddish, faddy [faddier -comp., faddies -sup.].

* ser el último grito = be all the rage.

* ser el último mono = feel + pulled and tugged.

* ser la última palabra = be all the rage.

* ser la última persona del mundo que + Infinitivo = be one of the last people in the world to + Infinitivo.

* ser lo último = be all the rage, be the pits.

* ser lo último en = become + the next stop in.

* ser lo último en lo que + pensar = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.

* ser lo último que + ocurrir + a Alguien = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.

* tener la última palabra = have + the ultimate say, have + the final say, call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.

* Ultima Cena, la = Last Supper, the.

* última oportunidad, la = last chance, the.

* última palabra + depender de = ultimate authority + rest with.

* últimas novedades de = fresh out from.

* Posesivo + últimas palabras = last words, Posesivo + dying last words.

* últimas palabras que se han hecho famosas = famous last words.

* último aliento = death rattle, Posesivo + last breath.

* último escalafón, el = bottom rung, the.

* último mencionado, el = last mentioned, the.

* último nivel, el = bottom rung, the.

* último número, el = latest issue, the.

* último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.

* último recurso = fall-back [fallback], last resort, last ditch.

* último rincón, el = nooks and crannies.

* últimos coletazos = Indian summer.

* últimos ritos, los = final rites, the.

* último suspiro = last breath.

* último tramo, el = last leg, the.

* último trecho, el = last leg, the.

* una primera y última vez = a first and last time.

* una última vez = one last time.

* un + Nombre + a última hora de la mañana = a late morning + Nombre.

* vestido a la última = fashion statement.

* vestido a la última moda = fashion statement.

* * *

último¹ -ma

adjective

( delante del n)

A

1 (en el tiempo) last

los últimos años de su vida the last years of her life, her last years

hasta últimas horas de la noche until late at night

en el último momento or a última hora at the last minute o moment

2

(más reciente): ¿cuándo fue la última vez que lo usaste? when did you last use it?, when was the last time you used it?

su último libro es muy bueno his latest book is very good

lo último que supe de él es que vivía en París the last I heard he was living in Paris

la última moda the latest fashion

los últimos estudios the latest o the most recent studies

en los últimos tiempos recently, in recent years ( o months etc)

B

1 (en una serie) last

estaba en último lugar I was last, I was in last place

el último tren sale a las once the last train leaves at eleven

último aviso a los pasajeros del vuelo … last o final call for passengers on flight …

el equipo ocupa el último puesto de la división the team is at the bottom of the division o is in last place in the division

te lo digo por última vez I'm telling you for the last o final time

le echaré una última mirada I'll take one last o final look

como último recurso as a last resort

ser lo último ( fam) (el colmo) to be the last straw o the limit; (lo más reciente) to be the latest thing

2 ( como adv) (CS) ‹salir/terminar› last

el que salga último que apague la luz last one out o whoever is last out, turn the light off

llegó última en la carrera she finished last in the race

C

(en el espacio): en el último piso on the top floor

en la última fila in the back row

la última página del periódico the back page of the newspaper

aunque tenga que ir al último rincón del mundo even if I have to go to the ends of the earth

D

(definitivo): es mi última oferta it's my final offer

siempre tiene que decir la última palabra he always has to have the last word

Compuestos:

● Última Cena

feminine Last Supper

● última hora

feminine late item (of news)

● última morada

feminine ( period); last resting place ( frml)

● última voluntad

feminine last wishes (pl), last wish

● últimos sacramentos

mpl last rites o sacraments (pl)

último² -ma

masculine, feminine

last one

era el último que me quedaba it was my last one, it was the last one I had

el último en llegar the last (one) to arrive

¿quién es el último? who's last in line ( AmE) o ( BrE) in the queue?

salió el último he was the last to leave

el último de la lista the last person on the list

es el último de la clase he's bottom of the class

¿sabes la última que me hizo? do you know what he's done to me now?

¿te cuento la última? ( fam); do you want to hear the latest? ( colloq)

a últimos de ( Esp); toward(s) the end of

por último finally, lastly

y por último quiero decir que … and finally o lastly, I would like to say that …

en ( Col) or ( Ven) de últimas as a last resort, if the worst comes to the worst

a la última ( fam): siempre va a la última she's always fashionably dressed, she always wears trendy clothes

está a la última it's the latest fashion, it's all the rage ( colloq)

estar en las últimas (estar a punto de morir) to be at death's door;

(no tener dinero) ( fam) to be broke ( colloq)

tomar la última ( fam); to have one for the road ( colloq)

* * *

Del verbo ultimar: ( conjugate ultimar)

ultimo es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

ultimó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
ultimar
último
ultimar ( conjugate ultimar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹ preparativos› to complete;
‹ detalles› to finalize
2 (AmL frml) ( matar) to kill, murder
último
◊ -ma adjetivo ( delante del n)

1 ( en el tiempo) last;
◊ a última hora at the last minute o moment;

su último libro his latest book;
en los últimos tiempos recently;
¿cuándo fue la última vez que lo usaste? when did you last use it?
2
a) ( en una serie) last;

◊ estar en último lugar to be last;

por última vez for the last time;
como último recurso as a last resort;
última voluntad last wishes (pl)
b) ( como adv) (CS) ‹salir/terminar› last

3 ( en el espacio):
◊ el último piso the top floor;

la última fila the back row
4 ( definitivo):
◊ es mi última oferta it's my final offer

■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
last one;
◊ era el último que me quedaba it was my last one;

es el último de la clase he's bottom of the class;
a últimos de (Esp) toward(s) the end of;
por último finally, lastly
ultimar verbo transitivo
1 (un proyecto, una tarea) to finalize
ultimar detalles, to finalize details
2 LAm (rematar, asesinar) to kill, finish off
último,-a
I adjetivo
1 (sin otro detrás) last: éste es el último caramelo, this is the last sweet
2 (no preferente, peor de una serie) last: es el último lugar en que habría mirado, it's the last place where I'd look
3 (más reciente) latest
última moda, latest fashion
según las últimas noticias, according to the latest news
4 (más remoto) farther: la vacuna tiene que llegar hasta la última aldea del continente, the vaccine must reach the most remote village on the continent
5 (más alto) top
el último piso, the top floor
6 (definitivo) last, final: era su última oferta, it was his final offer
mi última oportunidad, my last chance
7 (al final de un periodo de tiempo) a últimos de mes, towards the end of the month
II pron last one: los últimos en llegar fuimos nosotros, we were the last to arrive
el último de la fila, the last one in the queue
♦ Locuciones: estar en las últimas, (un enfermo) to be at death's door
fam (carecer de dinero, comida) to be broke
(estar acabándose) to be about to run out
ser lo último, to be the last
(algo indigno, inaceptable) mendigar es lo último, having to beg is the pits
a la última, up to the minute
de última hora: una decisión de última hora, a last-minute decision
una noticia de última hora, a newsflash
por último, finally

' último' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abajo
- caso
- decidir
- ensalzar
- faltar
- fin
- hasta
- inspección
- ligue
- llegar
- memoria
- número
- para
- pasada
- pasado
- recordar
- remedio
- rozar
- sprint
- suspiro
- término
- última
- arriba
- aviso
- el
- en
- extremo
- grito
- lugar
- mono
- recurso
- rincón
English:
afterthought
- bottom
- burst
- cancel
- come
- eleventh
- enjoy
- final
- finally
- height
- hot news
- last
- last-ditch
- lastly
- latest
- latter
- laugh
- LIFO
- outermost
- parting
- past
- push
- rage
- refer to
- resort
- senior
- spurt
- state-of-the-art
- stave off
- title
- top
- touch
- word
- year
- after
- close
- current
- dying
- fail
- inch
- late
- line
- memorial
- most
- nook
- scramble
- state
- survive
- ultimate

* * *

último, -a

♦ adj

1. [en una serie, en el tiempo] last;

mi última esperanza/oportunidad my last hope/chance;

hizo un último intento he made one last o final attempt;

último aviso para los pasajeros… [por megafonía] (this is the) last o final call for passengers…;

decisiones de última hora last-minute decisions;

a última hora, en el último momento at the last moment;

como último recurso as a last resort;

a lo último in the end;

lo último antes de acostarme last thing before I go to bed;

en una situación así es lo último que haría it's the last thing I'd do in a situation like that;

por último lastly, finally;

ser lo último [lo final] to come last;
[el último recurso] to be a last resort; [el colmo] to be the last straw
Comp
la Última Cena the Last Supper;
último pago final payment;

último plazo final instalment;

los últimos sacramentos the last sacraments;

última voluntad last wish(es)

2. [más reciente] latest, most recent;

una exposición de sus últimos trabajos an exhibition of her most recent work;

las últimas noticias son inquietantes the latest news is very worrying;

en los últimos días/meses in recent days/months;

la última vez que lo vi the last time I saw him, when I last saw him;
Fam
es lo último en electrodomésticos it's the latest thing in electrical appliances

Comp
última hora [como título] latest, stop press;
noticias de última hora last-minute news

3. [más bajo] bottom;
[más alto] top; [de más atrás] back;
la última línea de la página the bottom o last line of the page;

el último piso the top floor;

la última fila the back row

4. [más remoto] furthest, most remote;

el último rincón del país the remotest parts of the country

5. [definitivo]
es mi última oferta it's my last o final offer;

tener la última palabra en algo to have the last word on sth

6. [primordial] ultimate;

medidas cuyo fin último es… measures that have the ultimate goal of…

7. RP [uso adverbial] last;

empezaron últimos, por eso todavía no terminaron they started last, that's why they haven't finished yet;

salí última porque me quedé conversando I was the last to leave because I stayed behind talking

♦ nm,f

1. [en fila, carrera]
el último the last (one);

el último de la fila the last person in the Br queue o US line;

el último de la clase the bottom of the class;

es el último al que pediría ayuda he's the last person I'd ask for help;

llegar/terminar el último to come/finish last;

ser el último en hacer algo to be the last to do sth;

a últimos de mes at the end of the month;

¿nos tomamos la última? shall we have one for the road?;

Comp

estar en las últimas [muriéndose] to be on one's deathbed;
[sin dinero] to be down to one's last penny; [sin provisiones] to be down to one's last provisions; [botella, producto] to have almost run out;
Comp
Fam
ir a la última to wear the latest fashion

2. [en comparaciones, enumeraciones]
este último… the latter…

* * *

último

adj

1 last;

ser el último en llegar be the last (one) to arrive;

por último finally;

está en las últimas he doesn’t have long (to live);

a últimos de mayo at the end of May

2 ( más reciente) latest;

últimas noticias latest news sg ;

estar a la última be right up to date;

ir a la última (moda) wear the latest fashions;

es lo último it’s the latest thing

3 piso top atr

* * *

último, -ma adj

1) : last, final

la última galleta: the last cookie

en último caso: as a last resort

2) : last, latest, most recent

su último viaje a España: her last trip to Spain

en los últimos años: in recent years

3)

por último : finally

* * *

último¹ adj

1. (en general) last

el 31 es el último día de mes the thirty first is the last day of the month

2. (más reciente) latest

las últimas noticias sobre el accidente the latest news on the accident

3. (más abajo) bottom

está en el último cajón it's in the bottom drawer

4. (más arriba) top

vive en el último piso he lives on the top floor

5. (más atrás) back

se suele sentar en la última fila she usually sits in the back row

último² n last one

es el último que tengo it's the last one I've got

llegó la última she came last

es el último de la clase he's bottom of the class

a últimos del mes at the end of the month

vestir a la última to wear trendy clothes

por último finally

¿quién es el último? who's last in the queue?

Spanish-English dictionary > último
13 importante

adj.

1 important (destacado, significativo).

2 considerable.

3 significant, considerable, sizable.

* * *

importante

► adjetivo

1 (gen) important; (por su gravedad) serious; (por su cantidad) considerable

■ es importante que aprenda a nadar it is important that he (should) learn to swim

2 (influyente) important

* * *

adj.

important

* * *

ADJ

1) (=trascendental) [información, persona] important; [acontecimiento] significant, important; [papel, factor, parte] important, major; [cambio] significant, major

se trata de algo importante — it's important

tu padre es un hombre importante — your father's an important man

uno de los momentos más importantes de mi vida — one of the most significant o important moments in my life

un paso importante para la democracia — an important o a big o a major step for democracy

• dárselas de importante — to give o.s. airs

• lo importante es... — the main thing is...

lo importante es participar — the main thing is taking part

lo más importante en la vida — the most important thing in life

• poco importante — unimportant

• es importante que — it is important that

es importante que expreses tu opinión — it's important for you to express your opinion

2) [como intensificador] [cantidad, pérdida] considerable; [herida] serious; [retraso] considerable, serious

una importante suma de dinero — a considerable amount of money

* * *

adjetivo

a) <noticia/persona> important; <acontecimiento/cambio> important, significant

¿qué dice la carta? - nada importante — what does the letter say? - nothing of any importance o nothing much

lo importante es... — the important thing is...

es importante que vayas — it's important that you go

dárselas de or hacerse el importante — to give oneself airs

b) < pérdidas> serious, considerable; < daños> severe, considerable; < cantidad> considerable, significant

* * *

= considerable, important, major, notable, prominent, relevant, remarkable, significant, significantly, substantial, weighty, consequential, solid, acute, appreciable, major, mighty [mightier -comp., mightiest -sup.], goodly [goodlier -comp., goodliest -sup.], key, meaningful, vital, hefty [heftier -comp., heftiest -sup.], of consequence, meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.], seminal.

Ex. The need to become familiar with different command languages for different hosts is a considerable barrier to effective retrieval.

Ex. Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.

Ex. This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.

Ex. There are notable differences in practice between the United States and the United Kingdom.

Ex. Classification is also prominent in the physical arrangement of documents.

Ex. Most such bulletins list titles or abstracts, together with citations of relevant new documents in the subject area.

Ex. Two remarkable features of the BM code are its acceptance of corporate authorship, and its use of form headings.

Ex. With online display, the alphabetical arrangement can become less significant, since all look-ups can be achieved with the computer, and there is less need for the scanning of alphabetical lists.

Ex. The problem of their citation looms less significantly in abstracting and indexing products than that of the citation of periodical articles.

Ex. This data base will eventually become a very substantial bibliographic data base.

Ex. Whether the juxtaposition of language with literature is as weighty an advantage as has on occasion been claimed is, I think, debatable.

Ex. The democratisation of Russian intellectual life was one of the most consequential of the dramatic social and political changes that took place in Russia in the 1860s.

Ex. There is no doubt that the ideas put forward by Coates and their implementation in BTI have been a solid step forward in the theory of alphabetical subject headings.

Ex. In some areas of study, notably the social sciences, the problems vocabulary are acute.

Ex. Cannabis often shows no appreciable effects the first time it is taken.

Ex. In the face of present priorities and staff commitments, the Library feels that it cannot undertake a comprehensive study of the subject heading system that would pave the way for a major restructuring of the system.

Ex. The October 2002 issue of CONVERGE magazine lists their picks for the 'Shapers of the Future 2002' -- 'today's leaders and innovators who have dreamed and accomplished mighty things in technology and education'.

Ex. However, we must not forget the book which the critics acclaim and which also sells in goodly numbers.

Ex. This meeting brought together representatives of the key organizations in the community.

Ex. Each operator has a filing value which has been designate in order to ensure that terms appear in the index string in an order that will produce a meaningful set of index entries.

Ex. The pressures of the marketplace mean that any vital facility must be offered by all of the major hosts.

Ex. Research publication had to adopt the same economic model as trade publication, and research libraries the world over paid the hefty price = Las publicaciones científicas tuvieron que adoptar el mismo modelo económico que las publicaciones comerciales y las bibliotecas universitarias de todo el mundo pagaron un precio elevado.

Ex. We have the right and responsibility to make wise decisions in 'times of consequence'.

Ex. We want Robyn to write about really meaty issues every week, instead of talking about spousal abuse.

Ex. He has published seminal papers on automated cataloging and authority control in Library Journal, Library Quarterly, and Journal of Library Automation.

----

* acontecimiento importante = milestone, red carpet event.

* considerar importante = hold + Nombre + dear.

* continuar siendo importante = remain + big.

* economizar en cosas importantes y derrochar en nimiedades = penny wise, pound foolish.

* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.

* es importante destacar = importantly.

* evento importante = milestone.

* hacer que sea importante = render + important.

* hacerse cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.

* la parte más importante = the heart of.

* llegar a un momento importante en + Posesivo + historia = reach + milestone.

* lo más importante = most of all.

* lo que es más importante = most importantly, more importantly, most of all, most important.

* lo que es muy importante = importantly.

* más importante = foremost.

* más importante aun = more significantly.

* menos importante, el = least, the.

* muy importante = critical, very importantly, big time.

* poco importante = small-time.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* sentirse importante = feel + important.

* ser Algo muy importante = loom + large.

* ser cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.

* ser importante = be of importance, be of consequence.

* suceso importante = critical incident.

* suma importante = princely sum.

* último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.

* uno de los + Nombre + más importante = not the least + Nombre, not the least of + Nombre.

* * *

adjetivo

a) <noticia/persona> important; <acontecimiento/cambio> important, significant

¿qué dice la carta? - nada importante — what does the letter say? - nothing of any importance o nothing much

lo importante es... — the important thing is...

es importante que vayas — it's important that you go

dárselas de or hacerse el importante — to give oneself airs

b) < pérdidas> serious, considerable; < daños> severe, considerable; < cantidad> considerable, significant

* * *

= considerable, important, major, notable, prominent, relevant, remarkable, significant, significantly, substantial, weighty, consequential, solid, acute, appreciable, major, mighty [mightier -comp., mightiest -sup.], goodly [goodlier -comp., goodliest -sup.], key, meaningful, vital, hefty [heftier -comp., heftiest -sup.], of consequence, meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.], seminal.

Ex: The need to become familiar with different command languages for different hosts is a considerable barrier to effective retrieval.

Ex: Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.

Ex: This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.

Ex: There are notable differences in practice between the United States and the United Kingdom.

Ex: Classification is also prominent in the physical arrangement of documents.

Ex: Most such bulletins list titles or abstracts, together with citations of relevant new documents in the subject area.

Ex: Two remarkable features of the BM code are its acceptance of corporate authorship, and its use of form headings.

Ex: With online display, the alphabetical arrangement can become less significant, since all look-ups can be achieved with the computer, and there is less need for the scanning of alphabetical lists.

Ex: The problem of their citation looms less significantly in abstracting and indexing products than that of the citation of periodical articles.

Ex: This data base will eventually become a very substantial bibliographic data base.

Ex: Whether the juxtaposition of language with literature is as weighty an advantage as has on occasion been claimed is, I think, debatable.

Ex: The democratisation of Russian intellectual life was one of the most consequential of the dramatic social and political changes that took place in Russia in the 1860s.

Ex: There is no doubt that the ideas put forward by Coates and their implementation in BTI have been a solid step forward in the theory of alphabetical subject headings.

Ex: In some areas of study, notably the social sciences, the problems vocabulary are acute.

Ex: Cannabis often shows no appreciable effects the first time it is taken.

Ex: In the face of present priorities and staff commitments, the Library feels that it cannot undertake a comprehensive study of the subject heading system that would pave the way for a major restructuring of the system.

Ex: The October 2002 issue of CONVERGE magazine lists their picks for the 'Shapers of the Future 2002' -- 'today's leaders and innovators who have dreamed and accomplished mighty things in technology and education'.

Ex: However, we must not forget the book which the critics acclaim and which also sells in goodly numbers.

Ex: This meeting brought together representatives of the key organizations in the community.

Ex: Each operator has a filing value which has been designate in order to ensure that terms appear in the index string in an order that will produce a meaningful set of index entries.

Ex: The pressures of the marketplace mean that any vital facility must be offered by all of the major hosts.

Ex: Research publication had to adopt the same economic model as trade publication, and research libraries the world over paid the hefty price = Las publicaciones científicas tuvieron que adoptar el mismo modelo económico que las publicaciones comerciales y las bibliotecas universitarias de todo el mundo pagaron un precio elevado.

Ex: We have the right and responsibility to make wise decisions in 'times of consequence'.

Ex: We want Robyn to write about really meaty issues every week, instead of talking about spousal abuse.

Ex: He has published seminal papers on automated cataloging and authority control in Library Journal, Library Quarterly, and Journal of Library Automation.

* acontecimiento importante = milestone, red carpet event.

* considerar importante = hold + Nombre + dear.

* continuar siendo importante = remain + big.

* economizar en cosas importantes y derrochar en nimiedades = penny wise, pound foolish.

* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.

* es importante destacar = importantly.

* evento importante = milestone.

* hacer que sea importante = render + important.

* hacerse cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.

* la parte más importante = the heart of.

* llegar a un momento importante en + Posesivo + historia = reach + milestone.

* lo más importante = most of all.

* lo que es más importante = most importantly, more importantly, most of all, most important.

* lo que es muy importante = importantly.

* más importante = foremost.

* más importante aun = more significantly.

* menos importante, el = least, the.

* muy importante = critical, very importantly, big time.

* poco importante = small-time.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* sentirse importante = feel + important.

* ser Algo muy importante = loom + large.

* ser cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.

* ser importante = be of importance, be of consequence.

* suceso importante = critical incident.

* suma importante = princely sum.

* último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.

* uno de los + Nombre + más importante = not the least + Nombre, not the least of + Nombre.

* * *

importante

adjective

1 ‹noticia/persona› important; ‹acontecimiento/cambio› important, significant

tengo algo importante que decirte I have something important to tell you

¿qué dice la carta? — nada importante what does the letter say? — nothing of any importance o nothing much

lo importante es participar the important thing is to take part

es importante que vayas it's important that you go

dárselas de or hacerse el importante to give oneself airs

2 ‹pérdidas› serious, considerable; ‹cantidad› considerable, significant

una importante suma de dinero a large o considerable o significant sum of money

la tormenta causó importantes daños the storm caused severe o considerable damage

un número importante de ciudadanos a significant o considerable o large number of citizens

* * *

Multiple Entries:
algo importante
importante
importante adjetivo
a) ‹noticia/persona› important;

‹acontecimiento/cambio› important, significant;
dárselas de or hacerse el importante to give oneself airs
b) ‹ pérdidas› serious, considerable;

‹ daños› severe, considerable;
‹ cantidad› considerable, significant
importante adjetivo important, significant: un importante geólogo dará la conferencia, a noted geologist will give the lecture
una cantidad importante, a considerable amount
' importante' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bonita
- bonito
- categoría
- ciudad
- comodidad
- consignar
- cosa
- cualquiera
- despreciable
- eje
- eslabón
- floricultura
- gorda
- gordo
- historia
- histórica
- histórico
- inmediatez
- menos
- nada
- núcleo
- opinar
- personaje
- pintar
- poderosa
- poderoso
- reseñar
- sabrosa
- sabroso
- salario
- señalada
- señalado
- señor
- suma
- sustancial
- sustantiva
- sustantivo
- tomo
- viso
- indiferente
- notable
- papel
- parecer
- personalidad
- pez
- que
- trascendental
- trascendente
- un
- visita
English:
amount to
- appreciable
- armory
- armoury
- assassin
- assassination
- big
- consideration
- depreciate
- edit
- flagship
- grain
- grand
- great
- head-hunt
- high
- if
- important
- increasingly
- large
- last
- leading
- least
- major
- mean
- morality
- prominent
- significant
- sponsor
- thing
- VIP
- weighty
- assassinate
- come
- considerable
- feature
- feel
- first
- foremost
- name
- priority
- strongly
- substantial

* * *

importante adj

1. [destacado, significativo] important;

el descontento está adquiriendo proporciones importantes dissatisfaction is becoming widespread;

ocupa un cargo importante en el ministerio he has an important job at the ministry;

ella es muy importante para mí she's very important to me;

lo importante es hacerlo despacio the important thing is to do it slowly;

no te preocupes, lo importante es que tengas buena salud don't worry, the most important thing is for you to be healthy;

Comp

dárselas de importante, hacerse el/la importante to give oneself airs, to act all important

2. [cantidad] considerable;
[lesión] serious;
una cantidad importante de dinero a significant o considerable sum of money;

el tren llegó con un retraso importante the train was very late

* * *

importante

adj important

* * *

importante adj

: important

♦ importantemente adv

* * *

importante adj

1. (en general) important

una persona importante an important person

2. (considerable) considerable

una suma importante a considerable sum

lo importante the important thing

Spanish-English dictionary > importante
14 enfin

enfin [ɑ̃fɛ̃]

adverb

   a. ( = à la fin, finalement) at last

• il y est enfin arrivé he has succeeded at last

• enfin seuls ! alone at last!

• enfin, ils se sont décidés ! they've made up their minds at last!

• enfin ça va commencer ! at long last it's going to begin!

   b. ( = en dernier lieu) finally

• enfin, je voudrais te remercier pour... finally, I'd like to thank you for...

   c. ( = en conclusion) in a word

• rien n'était prêt, enfin bref, la vraie pagaille ! nothing was ready - in actual fact, it was absolute chaos!

   d. ( = ou plutôt) well

• elle est assez grosse, enfin, potelée she's rather fat, well, chubby

   e. ( = toutefois) still

• enfin, si ça vous plaît, prenez-le still, if you like it, take it

   f. (valeur exclamative) enfin ! que veux-tu y faire ! still, what can you do!

• enfin, tu aurais pu le faire ! even so, you could have done it!

• (mais) enfin ! je viens de te le dire ! but I've just told you!

• enfin ! un grand garçon comme toi ! oh, come on, a big boy like you!

* * *
ɑ̃fɛ̃
adverbe

1) ( en dernier lieu) (dans un développement, un discours) finally; ( dans une énumération) lastly

enfin et surtout — last but not least

2) ( marquant le soulagement) at last

enfin seuls! — alone at last!

3) ( marquant la résignation) (oh) well

enfin, puisque tu y tiens — oh well, as you insist

4) ( marquant l'impatience) for heaven's sake

mais enfin, cessez de vous disputer! — for heaven's sake, stop arguing!

5) ( en d'autres termes) in short, in other words

6) ( introduit un correctif) well, at least

il pleut tous les jours, enfin presque — it rains every day, well almost

7) ( tout bien considéré)

car enfin — after all

8) ( marquant la perplexité)

(mais) enfin, que signifie toute cette histoire? — what on earth does it all mean?

* * *
ɑ̃fɛ̃ adv
1) (= finalement) at last

J'ai enfin réussi à le joindre. — I have at last managed to contact him.

2) (dans une énumération) finally, lastly

... enfin, une nouvelle édition de notre dictionnaire français-anglais —... finally, a new edition of our French-English dictionary

3) (de restriction, résignation) still

Enfin, le principal c'est qu'il n'y a pas eu de blessés. — Still, the main thing is that no one was hurt.

4) (= eh bien) well

Enfin, on verra bien. — Well, we'll see.

5) (= pour conclure) in a word

... enfin, un belle pagaille —... in a word, a real mess

* * *

enfin adv

1 ( en dernier lieu) (dans un développement, un discours) finally; ( dans une énumération) lastly; je montrerai, enfin, que ces deux systèmes sont compatibles I will show, finally, that these two systems are compatible; enfin et surtout last but not least;

2 ( marquant le soulagement) at last; enfin seuls! alone at last!; j'ai enfin terminé mon travail I've finished my work at last;

3 ( marquant la résignation) (oh) well; enfin, puisque tu y tiens oh well, as you insist; c'est triste, mais enfin, on n'y peut rien it's sad but, well, we can't do anything about it; il n'a pas décoléré de la journée, enfin passons, ça ira mieux demain he's been in a temper all day, anyway, things will be better tomorrow;

4 ( marquant l'impatience) for heaven's sake; vas-tu te taire, enfin! for heaven's sake, can't you be quiet!; mais enfin, cessez de vous disputer! for heaven's sake, stop arguing!;

5 ( en d'autres termes) in short, in other words; il est intelligent, travailleur, enfin il a tout pour réussir he's intelligent, hard-working, in short he's got what it takes to succeed; il y avait mes parents, mes frères et mes cousins, enfin toute la famille my parents were there, my brothers and cousins, the whole family in fact;

6 ( introduit un correctif) well, at least; il pleut tous les jours, enfin presque it rains every day, well almost; elle n'est pas mariée, enfin je crois she is not married, at least I don't think so;

7 ( tout bien considéré) car enfin, mais enfin after all;

8 ( marquant la perplexité) (mais) enfin, que signifie toute cette histoire? what on earth does it all mean?; (mais) enfin, pourquoi n'est-il pas encore arrivé? why on earth isn't he here yet?; (mais) enfin, c'est incroyable une aventure pareille! well ou why, I've never heard anything like it!

[ɑ̃fɛ̃] adverbe

1. [finalement] at last

enfin! depuis le temps! and not before!, and about time too!

enfin seuls! alone at last!

un accord a été enfin conclu an agreement has at last been reached

2. [en dernier lieu] finally

enfin, j'aimerais vous remercier de votre hospitalité finally, I would like to thank you for your hospitality

3. [en un mot] in short, in brief, in a word

4. [cependant] still, however, after all

elle est triste, mais enfin elle s'en remettra she's sad, but still, she'll get over it

oui mais enfin, c'est peut-être vrai after all it might well be true

5. [avec une valeur restrictive] well, at least

elle est jolie, enfin, à mon avis she's pretty, (or) at least I think she is

6. [emploi expressif]

enfin! c'est la vie! oh well, such is life!

ce n'est pas la même chose, enfin! oh come on, it's not the same thing at all!

enfin, reprends-toi! come on, pull yourself together!

enfin qu'est-ce qu'il y a? what on earth is the matter?

c'est son droit, enfin! it's his right, after all!

tu ne peux pas faire ça, enfin! you can't do that!

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > enfin
15 ultimo

1. adj last

più recente latest

ultimo piano top floor

2. m, ultima f last

fino all'ultimo till the end

* * *

ultimo agg.

1 last; ( finale) final: l'ultimo giorno dell'anno, del mese, della settimana, the last day of the year, of the month, of the week; l'ultima lettera dell'alfabeto, the last letter of the alphabet; gli ultimi capitoli di un libro, the last chapters of a book; la sua ultima lettera, his last letter; le ultime due file, the last two rows; in ultima fila, in the back row; abito all'ultimo piano, I live on the last (o top) floor; l'ultimo gradino, ( in alto) the top step, ( in basso) the bottom step; l'ultima volta che lo vidi, the last time I saw him; te lo dico per l'ultima volta, this is the last time I shall tell you // si riduce sempre all'ultimo momento, he always leaves it to the last minute; all'ultimo momento la cerimonia fu rinviata, the ceremony was postponed at the last minute // in ultimo luogo, finally // questa è la mia ultima carta, speranza, (fig.) this is my last card, hope // fece un ultimo tentativo, (fig.) he made one last attempt // dare l'ultimo tocco a un quadro, to give the finishing touch to a painting // le ultime parole famose, famous last words // ultimo ma non meno importante, last but not least // Michelangelo e Leonardo furono due grandi pittori, quest'ultimo anche scienziato, Michelangelo and Leonardo were two great painters, the latter also a scientist // (comm.): ultima offerta, final offer; ultima rata, final instalment // (amm.): termine ultimo, deadline (o final date); ultimo giorno utile per il pagamento, final date for payment; (Borsa) ultimo giorno di contrattazione, last trading day; ultimo avviso, final notice; ultimo entrato, primo a uscire, ( di merce in magazzino) last in first out

2 ( il più recente) latest; last: le ultime notizie, notizie dell'ultim'ora, the latest news; l'ultima edizione del giornale, the latest edition of the newspaper; gli ultimi avvenimenti, the latest events (o recent events); l'ultima guerra, the last war // l'ultima moda, the latest fashion // negli ultimi tempi, recently; negli ultimi giorni, mesi, anni, over the last few days, months, years // (comm.) nella nostra ( lettera) del 15 ultimo scorso, in our letter of the 15th last // (Borsa) le ultime quotazioni, the latest quotations

3 ( il più lontano) farthest; ( esterno) utmost: gli ultimi confini della terra, the farthest (o the utmost) limits of the earth // l'ultima porta a sinistra, the last door on the left

4 ( il più improbabile) last: è l'ultima cosa che mi sarei aspettata da te, it's the last thing I'd have expected of you

5 (fig. letter.) ( principale, fondamentale) ultimate: Dio è la causa ultima del mondo, God is the ultimate cause of the world

6 ( il meno importante) last; ( il minore) least; ( infimo) lowest: lo studio è la sua ultima preoccupazione, studying is the last thing he worries about // non ultimo, not least: molti fattori hanno accelerato la sua decisione, non ultimo la mancanza di personale, many factors brought forward his decision, not least the shortage of personnel // (comm.): ultimo prezzo, bottom price; merce di ultima qualità, third-rate goods

◆ s.m.

1 last: è sempre l'ultimo ad arrivare, he's always the last to arrive; arrivare per ultimo, to arrive last; lo tengo, lo faccio per ultimo, I'll keep it till last (o till the end), I'll do it last // l'ultimo del mese, the last day of the month; l'ultimo dell'anno, New Year's Eve // l'ultimo della classe, the bottom of the class // l'ultimo arrivato, venuto, a newcomer // ... e l'ultimo chiuda la porta,... and the last one closes the door // gli ultimi saranno i primi, the first shall be last

2 ( punto, momento estremo) end: combatteremo fino all'ultimo, we will fight to the end // all' ultimo, in the end: all'ultimo decise di partire, at the end he decided to leave // in ultimo, in the end: fu una lunga discussione, ma in ultimo lo convincemmo, the discussion took a long time, but in the end we convinced him // da ultimo, finally: ... e da ultimo il pezzo più prezioso della collezione,... and finally the most precious piece of the collection.

* * *
['ultimo] ultimo (-a)
1. agg

1) (di serie: gen) last, (piano) top, (fila) back, (mano di vernice) last, final

l'ultimo scalino — (in basso) the bottom step, (in alto) the top step

l'ultimo piano — the top floor

abitare all'ultimo piano — to live on the top floor

le ultime 20 pagine — the last 20 pages

in ultima pagina — (di giornale) on the back page

per ultimo — (entrare, arrivare) last

arrivare per ultimo — to arrive last

Marco è arrivato per ultimo alla festa — Marco arrived last at the party

arrivare ultimo — to come last

Chiara è arrivata ultima nella gara — Chiara came last in the competition

2) (tempo: gen) last, (più recente) latest, (finale) final

negli ultimi tempi — recently

gli ultimi giorni prima di partire — the last days before leaving

l'ultima volta che l'ho visto — the last time I saw him

quella è stata l'ultima volta che l'ho vista — that was the last time I saw her

all'ultimo momento — at the last minute

ha cambiato idea all'ultimo momento — he changed his mind at the last minute

hai visto l'ultimo film di Spielberg? — have you seen Spielberg's latest film?

il loro ultimo album è in testa alla classifica — their latest album is at the top of the charts

ci vediamo poco, negli ultimi tempi — we haven't seen each other much recently

l'ultimo anno — the final year

fa l'ultimo anno dell'università — she is in her final year at university

il termine ultimo — the deadline

le ultime notizie — the latest news

all'ultima moda — in the latest fashion

...la vostra lettera del 7 aprile ultimo scorso —... your letter of April 7th last

3) (estremo: speranza, risorsa) last, final, (più lontano) farthest, utmost

l'ultimo lembo di terra italiana — the farthest tip of Italy

spendere fino all'ultimo centesimo — to spend every last penny

dare un'ultima occhiata a qc — to have one last look at sth

4) (per importanza) last

è l'ultimo film che vorrei andare a vedere — that's the last film I would want to go and see

qual è l'ultimo prezzo (che mi può fare)? — what's the lowest you'll go?

5) Filosofia ultimate

6)

(fraseologia) in ultima analisi — in the final o last analysis

in ultimo luogo — finally

avere o dire l'ultima parola — to have the last word

le ultime parole famose! — famous last words!

esalare o rendere l'ultimo respiro — to breathe one's last

2. sm/f

last (one)

questi sono gli ultimi — these are the last ones

l'ultimo nato — the youngest (child)

l'ultimo ad entrare — the last (person) to come in

gli ultimi arrivati — the last ones to arrive

lei è stata l'ultima ad arrivare — she was the last one to arrive

è l'ultima della classe — she's (at the) bottom of the class

questa è l'ultima delle mie preoccupazioni — that's the least of my worries

è l'ultimo degli ultimi — he's the lowest of the low

quest'ultimo — (tra due) the latter, (tra più di due) this last, the last-mentioned

3. sm

l'ultimo del mese/dell'anno — the last day of the month/year

l'ultimo dell'anno — New Year's Eve

all'ultimo ho deciso di restare — in the end I decided to stay

fino all'ultimo — to the last, till the end, until the end

in ultimo; da ultimo — in the end, finally

essere all'ultimo o agli ultimi — to be at death's door

4. sf

(notizia, barzelletta) hai sentito l'ultima? — have you heard the latest?

questa è l'ultima (che mi combini) — that's the last time you'll play that trick on me

* * *
['ultimo] 1.
aggettivo

1) last

l'-a persona — the last person

fino all'ultimo dettaglio — to the last detail

per -a cosa — last of all

per la prima e -a volta — for the first and last time

l'-a casa prima del ponte — the last house before the bridge

terzo e ultimo volume — third and last volume

arrivare (per) ultimo — to come last

l'ultimo cassetto — (in basso) the bottom drawer

l'ultimo piano — (in alto) the top floor

in -a fila — (dietro) in the back row

2) (più recente) [edizione, libro, modello, notizia] latest

l'-a moda — the latest o new fashion

in questi -i tempi — lately, recently

3) (scorso) past

nelle -e 24 ore — in the past 24 hours

negli -i giorni — during the past few days

4) (definitivo, estremo) last, final attrib.

- a chance — last chance

in -a analisi — in the final o last analysis

è la mia -a offerta — that's my final o best offer

decisione dell'ultimo minuto — last-minute decision

all'ultimo momento — at the last minute, at the eleventh hour

5) (meno probabile) last

è l'-a persona (al mondo) a cui chiederei! — he's the last person I'd ask!

6) filos. (fondamentale) ultimate

causa -a — final cause

il fine ultimo della creazione — the ultimate aim of creation

7) (peggiore) [posto, squadra] bottom

l'-a posizione — the bottom
2.
sostantivo maschile (f. -a)

1) (in una successione) last

gli -i — the last ones

l'ultimo a svegliarsi — the last to wake up

sei sempre l'ultimo — you're always the last

essere l'ultimo della lista — to be at the bottom of the list

essere l'ultimo della classe — to be o come bottom of the class

vi licenzio dal primo all'ultimo! — I'll sack every last one of you!

quest'ultimo — this last, the latter

2) (giorno finale)

l'ultimo del mese — the last day of the month

l'ultimo dell'anno — New Year's Eve

3) (punto, momento estremo)

fino all'ultimo — to the last

da ultimo — lastly, finally

4) (meno importante) least

è l'ultimo dei miei problemi! — that's the least of my problems!

•

ultimo nato — new arrival

l'Ultima Cena — relig. the Last Supper

••

spendere fino all'ultimo centesimo — to spend every last penny

avere l'-a parola — to have the final word o the last say, to win the argument

esalare l'ultimo respiro — to draw one's last breath, to breath one's last

essere l'-a ruota del carro — to be the fifth wheel, to be at the bottom of the heap

ride bene chi ride ultimo — prov. he who laughs last laughs longest

* * *

ultimo

/'ultimo/

I aggettivo

1 last; l'-a persona the last person; fino all'ultimo dettaglio to the last detail; per -a cosa last of all; per la prima e -a volta for the first and last time; l'-a casa prima del ponte the last house before the bridge; terzo e ultimo volume third and last volume; arrivare (per) ultimo to come last; l'ultimo cassetto (in basso) the bottom drawer; l'ultimo piano (in alto) the top floor; in -a fila (dietro) in the back row

2 (più recente) [edizione, libro, modello, notizia] latest; l'-a moda the latest o new fashion; in questi -i tempi lately, recently

3 (scorso) past; nelle -e 24 ore in the past 24 hours; negli -i giorni during the past few days

4 (definitivo, estremo) last, final attrib.; - a chance last chance; in -a analisi in the final o last analysis; è la mia -a offerta that's my final o best offer; decisione dell'ultimo minuto last-minute decision; all'ultimo momento at the last minute, at the eleventh hour

5 (meno probabile) last; è l'-a persona (al mondo) a cui chiederei! he's the last person I'd ask!

6 filos. (fondamentale) ultimate; causa -a final cause; il fine ultimo della creazione the ultimate aim of creation

7 (peggiore) [posto, squadra] bottom; l'-a posizione the bottom

II sostantivo maschile

(f. -a)

1 (in una successione) last; gli -i the last ones; l'ultimo a svegliarsi the last to wake up; sei sempre l'ultimo you're always the last; essere l'ultimo della lista to be at the bottom of the list; essere l'ultimo della classe to be o come bottom of the class; vi licenzio dal primo all'ultimo! I'll sack every last one of you! quest'ultimo this last, the latter

2 (giorno finale) l'ultimo del mese the last day of the month; l'ultimo dell'anno New Year's Eve

3 (punto, momento estremo) fino all'ultimo to the last; da ultimo lastly, finally

4 (meno importante) least; è l'ultimo dei miei problemi! that's the least of my problems!

IDIOMS

spendere fino all'ultimo centesimo to spend every last penny; avere l'-a parola to have the final word o the last say, to win the argument; esalare l'ultimo respiro to draw one's last breath, to breath one's last; essere l'-a ruota del carro to be the fifth wheel, to be at the bottom of the heap; ride bene chi ride ultimo prov. he who laughs last laughs longest

\

COMPOUNDS

ultimo nato new arrival; l'Ultima Cena relig. the Last Supper.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > ultimo
16 pero

conj.

but (adversativo).

el reloj es viejo, pero funciona bien the watch is old but it keeps good time

Quiero ir pero no tengo dinero I want to go but I have no money.

m.

snag, fault.

poner peros a todo to find fault with everything

* * *

pero

► conjunción

1 but

■ eramos pobres, pero felices we were poor, but happy

■ era un examen difícil, pero que muy difícil, ¿sabes? it was a difficult exam, and I mean really difficult

► nombre masculino

1 objection, fault

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

no hay pero que valga I don't want any arguments

poner peros to find fault (a, with)

* * *
1. noun m.
fault, objection
2. conj.
but, yet

* * *
I
1. CONJ

1) but

me gusta, pero es muy caro — I like it, but it's very expensive

yo no quería ir, pero bueno... — I didn't want to go, but still...

2) [al principio de frase]

pero, ¿dónde está Pedro? — where on earth is Pedro?

pero bueno, ¿vienes o no? — now look, are you coming or not?

pero vamos a ver — well let's see

¡pero qué guapa estás! — you look great!

¡pero si no tiene coche! — I tell you he hasn't got a car!

3) [uso enfático]

pero que muy: una chica guapa, pero que muy guapa — what you call a really pretty girl, a pretty girl and no mistake

hizo muy, pero que muy mal — he was wrong, really, really wrong

¡estoy pero que muy harto! — I'm damn well fed up! *

¡pero que muy bien! — well done!

2. SM

1) (=falta, defecto) snag

el plan no tiene peros — the plan hasn't any snags, there's nothing wrong with the plan

2) (=pega) objection

encontrar o poner peros a algo — to raise objections to sth, find fault with sth

¡no hay pero que valga! — there are no buts about it!
II
SM And, Cono Sur pear tree

* * *
I
conjunción

1) but

ella fue, pero yo no — she went, but I didn't

2)

a) (en expresiones de protesta, sorpresa)

¿pero tú estás loca? — are you crazy?

pero bueno... ¿vienes o no? — for goodness sake, are you coming or not?

pero si me lo prometiste! — but you promised!

pero si es Marta! — hey, it's Marta!

pero si queda lejísimos! — but it's miles (away)!

b) ( uso enfático)

no me hizo caso, pero ningún caso — she didn't take the slightest notice (colloq), she didn't take any notice, none whatsoever

la película está pero que muy bien — it's a very good movie indeed
II
masculino

a) ( defecto) defect, bad point; (dificultad, problema) drawback

ponerle peros a algo/alguien — to find fault with something/somebody

b) ( excusa) objection

no admito peros — I won't stand for any `ifs' or `buts'

no hay pero que valga! — I don't want any excuses (o arguments etc)

* * *
I
conjunción

1) but

ella fue, pero yo no — she went, but I didn't

2)

a) (en expresiones de protesta, sorpresa)

¿pero tú estás loca? — are you crazy?

pero bueno... ¿vienes o no? — for goodness sake, are you coming or not?

pero si me lo prometiste! — but you promised!

pero si es Marta! — hey, it's Marta!

pero si queda lejísimos! — but it's miles (away)!

b) ( uso enfático)

no me hizo caso, pero ningún caso — she didn't take the slightest notice (colloq), she didn't take any notice, none whatsoever

la película está pero que muy bien — it's a very good movie indeed
II
masculino

a) ( defecto) defect, bad point; (dificultad, problema) drawback

ponerle peros a algo/alguien — to find fault with something/somebody

b) ( excusa) objection

no admito peros — I won't stand for any `ifs' or `buts'

no hay pero que valga! — I don't want any excuses (o arguments etc)

* * *

pero¹

= but.

Ex: Learning takes place in one environment but is put to work in another, and the learner is left to make the transition.

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.

* lo que es peor aun = worse still.

* no haber pero que valer = not take + no for an answer.

* pero a la vez = but then again.

* pero al mismo tiempo = but then again.

* pero no hubo manera = but no dice.

* pero no hubo modo = but no dice.

* pero no hubo suerte = but no dice.

* pero por otra parte = but then again.

* pero por otro lado = but then again.

* pero sin conseguirlo = but no dice.

* pero sin suerte = but no dice.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

pero²

² = quibble, cavil.

Ex: In the article 'Caveats, qualms, and quibbles: a revisionist view of library automation', a public librarian expresses his concern about computers in libraries and the lack of healthy scepticism in libraries when considering the likely benefits of automation.

Ex: But, however frivolous his cavils, the principles for which he contends are of the most pernicious nature and tendency.

* poner peros = baulk [balk, -USA], cavil (about/at), quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.

* * *

pero¹

conjunction

A but

me gustaría ir pero creo que no voy a poder I would like to go but I don't think I'll be able to

a ella la invitaron, pero a mí no they invited her, but not me o but they didn't invite me

es raro, sí, pero él siempre ha sido un poco excéntrico it's strange, I agree, but (then) he always has been a little eccentric

B

1

(introduciendo expresiones de protesta, sorpresa): ¿pero tú estás loca? are you crazy?

pero ¿es que no te das cuenta de que …? but, don't you understand that …?

pero bueno … ¿me van a atender o no? for goodness sake, are you going to serve me or not?

¡pero si me lo habías prometido! but you promised!

¡pero si es Marta! why, if it isn't Marta!, hey, it's Marta!

¿a pie? ¡pero si queda lejísimos! on foot? but it's miles!

2

(uso enfático): no me hizo caso, pero ningún caso she didn't take the slightest notice o a blind bit of notice ( colloq), she didn't take any notice, none whatsoever

la película está bien, pero que muy bien it's a good movie, very good indeed

pero²

masculine

1 (defecto) defect, bad point; (dificultad, problema) drawback

ponerle peros a algo/algn to find fault with sth/sb

2 (reparo, excusa) objection

no admite peros, hay que hacerlo como él diga he won't stand for any `ifs' or `buts', it has to be done the way he says

¡no hay pero que valga! I don't want any excuses ( o arguments etc)

* * *

pero conjunción
but;
◊ ella fue, pero yo no she went, but I didn't;

¡pero si queda lejísimos! but it's miles (away)!;
¿pero tú estás loca? are you crazy?
■ sustantivo masculino
a) ( defecto) defect, bad point;

(dificultad, problema) drawback;
◊ ponerle peros a algo/algn to find fault with sth/sb

b) ( excusa) objection;

◊ ¡no hay pero que valga! I don't want any excuses (o arguments etc)

pero
I conj but
llovía, pero fuimos a dar un paseo, it was raining but we went for a walk
pero, ¿qué te has creído?, but what do you take me for?
II sustantivo masculino
1 (excusa) objection: ¡no hay peros que valgan!, I don't want any excuses!
2 (objeción) bad point, fault: le puso muchos peros al proyecto, he found a lot of faults with the project
' pero' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abandonar
- acero
- achantar
- aclimatarse
- actual
- adelantarse
- algo
- almorzar
- amortizar
- anticiparse
- atenerse
- baja
- bajo
- balanza
- bañera
- bastante
- bebible
- cada
- camelarse
- cara
- caso
- cerrarse
- confesar
- dato
- desdecirse
- disgustar
- echarse
- enferma
- enfermo
- engañar
- final
- fresca
- fresco
- ganarse
- gay
- golpe
- gritar
- gustar
- hacerse
- impracticable
- incondicional
- índice
- infante
- interiormente
- intromisión
- irse
- lucir
- maravilla
- matarse
- mayor
English:
ablaze
- above
- absurd
- actual
- against
- ago
- also
- armchair
- bed
- behind
- bite back
- blue
- bob
- bring back
- brushoff
- but
- buy
- carry off
- centrally
- dare
- deceptively
- difference
- do
- fear
- fish
- former
- get
- grant
- have
- hers
- his
- hoodwink
- hot
- inhale
- initially
- inside
- instead
- intrude
- last
- like
- may
- maybe
- mean
- mention
- mind
- never
- now
- only
- outguess
- pack in

* * *

pero

♦ conj

1. [adversativo] but;

el reloj es viejo, pero funciona bien the watch is old but it keeps good time;

hablo portugués, pero muy poco I speak some Portuguese, though not very much;

sí, pero no yes and no

2. [enfático] [en exclamaciones, interrogaciones]
¿pero qué es todo este ruido? what on earth is all this noise about?;

¡pero no se quede ahí; pase, por favor! but please, don't stand out there, do come in!;

¡pero cómo vas a Esp [m5] conducir o Am [m5]manejar, si no puedes tenerte en pie! how on earth are you going to drive if you can't even stand up properly!;

pero, ¡tú por aquí! well I never, fancy meeting you here!;

pero bueno ¿tú eres tonto? are you stupid or something?;

ahora dice que no me va a pagar – ¡pero bueno! now she says she's not going to pay me – no!;

¡pero si eso lo sabe todo el mundo! come on, everyone knows that!;

¿salir ahora? ¡pero si ya es la medianoche! go out now? but it's already midnight!;

¡pero si es un Picasso auténtico! [expresa sorpresa] well I never, it's a genuine Picasso!

3. [antes de adverbios, adjetivos] [absolutamente]
llevo años sin escribir nada, pero nada de nada I haven't written anything at all for years, and when I say nothing I mean nothing;

estas peras están buenísimas, pero que buenísimas these pears are completely and utterly delicious;

el clima allí es pero que muy frío the climate there really is very cold indeed

♦ nm

snag, fault;

poner peros (a algo/alguien) to raise questions (about sth/sb);

poner peros a todo to find fault with everything;

Comp

no hay pero que valga o [m5] peros que valgan there are no buts about it

* * *

pero

I conj but

II m flaw, defect;

no hay peros que valgan no excuses;

poner peros raise problems

* * *

pero nm

1) : fault, defect

ponerle peros a: to find fault with

2) : objection

pero conj

: but

* * *

pero conj but

quería salir, pero me quedé estudiando I wanted to go out, but I stayed at home studying

poner peros to find fault

Spanish-English dictionary > pero
17 moindre

moindre [mwɛ̃dʀ]

adjective

a. (comparatif) ( = moins grand) less ; ( = inférieur) lower

• à moindre prix at a lower price

• de moindre qualité of lower quality

• c'est un moindre mal it's the lesser evil

b. (superlatif) le moindre

• la moindre the least ; (de deux) the lesser

• les moindres the least

• le moindre bruit the slightest noise

• pas la moindre chance not the slightest chance

• pas la moindre idée not the slightest idea

• sans se faire le moindre souci without worrying in the slightest

• merci -- c'est la moindre des choses ! thank you -- not at all!

• il n'a pas fait le moindre commentaire he didn't make a single comment

• de deux maux il faut choisir le moindre you must choose the lesser of two evils

* * *
mwɛ̃dʀ
adjectif

1) ( comparatif) lesser

dans une moindre mesure — to a lesser extent

considérer quelque chose comme un moindre mal — to consider something as the lesser of two evils

à moindre prix — more cheaply

2) ( superlatif)

le moindre — the least

c'est la moindre des choses — it's the least I/you etc could do

ce serait la moindre des politesses de répondre à leur lettre — you/we etc could at least have the courtesy to reply to their letter

je n'en ai pas la moindre idée — I haven't got the slightest idea

de nombreux scientifiques, et non des moindres — many scientists, and highly respected ones at that

dernier point à souligner et non des moindres — last but not least

* * *
mwɛ̃dʀ adj
1) (comparatif) (ampleur) lesser

c'est un moindre mal — it's the lesser of two evils

2) (salaire) lower

Ceux qui touchent des salaires moindres seront les plus touchés. — Those on lower salaries will be affected most.

3) (superlatif)

le moindre; la moindre; les moindres — the least

le moindre de — the least of

De tous ses problèmes celui-ci est le moindre. — That's the least of his problems.

c'est la moindre des choses — it's nothing at all

dans les moindres détails — in the smallest detail

4) (en structure négative)

ne pas... le moindre; ne pas... la moindre — not the slightest...

Il ne fait pas le moindre effort. — He doesn't make the slightest effort.

Je n'en ai pas la moindre idée. — I haven't got the slightest idea.

* * *

moindre adj

1 ( comparatif) lesser; événements/sociétés de moindre importance events/companies of lesser importance; dans une moindre mesure to a lesser extent; considérer qch comme un moindre mal to consider sth as the lesser of two evils; à moindre prix more cheaply;

2 ( superlatif) le moindre the least (de, des of); il n'y a pas le moindre doute là-dessus there isn't the least ou slightest doubt about it; c'est le moindre de mes soucis that's the least of my worries; la générosité n'est pas la moindre de ses qualités generosity is not the least of his/her qualities; c'est la moindre des choses it's the least I could do; ce serait la moindre des politesses de répondre à leur lettre you could at least have the courtesy to reply to their letter; ils n'ont pas fait la moindre remarque/le moindre effort they didn't make the slightest remark/the slightest effort; je n'ai pas la moindre intention de faire I haven't the slightest intention of doing; je n'ai pas la moindre idée de l'endroit où j'ai mis mes clés I haven't the slightest idea where I put my keys; je n'en ai pas la moindre idée I haven't got the slightest idea ou a clue○; de nombreux scientifiques, et non des moindres, ont critiqué l'expérience many scientists, and highly respected ones at that, have criticized the experiment; il cumule plusieurs fonctions dont la moindre n'est pas celle de maire he combines various duties, not least of which is that of mayor; dernier point à souligner et non des moindres last but not least.

[mwɛ̃dr] adjectif

1. (comparatif) [perte] lesser, smaller

[qualité] lower, poorer

[prix] lower

de moindre gravité less serious

de moindre importance less important, of lesser importance

c'est un moindre mal it's the lesser evil

2. (superlatif)

le moindre, la moindre

a. [de deux] the lesser

b. [de trois ou plus] the least, the slightest

le moindre mouvement/danger the slightest movement/danger

le moindre espoir the slightest ou faintest hope

la moindre chance the slightest ou remotest chance

je n'en ai pas la moindre idée I haven't got the slightest ou faintest ou remotest idea

jusqu'au moindre détail down to the last ou smallest detail

ce serait la moindre des politesses it would be only common courtesy

c'est une pianiste, et non des moindres! she's a pianist and a good one at that!

il n'a pas fait la moindre remarque he didn't say a single word

c'est là son moindre défaut La Fontaine (allusion) that's the least of his faults

je vous en prie, c'est la moindre des choses! don't mention it, it was the least I could do!

dis merci, c'est la moindre des choses! you could at least say thank you!

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > moindre
18 последен

1. (непоследван от друг) last

(окончателен) final

(от двама споменати) litter

последен съм come last

вървя последен bring up the rear

последен съм в класа be (at the) bottom of o.'s form

аз ли съм последен? am I the last?

последно сбогом a last adieu; a last farewell

последен по ред, но не и по значение last but not least

последният останал жив юр. the longest liver

последният от рода си the last of o.'s name

последен (решаващ) аргумент the last argument, ultin a ratio

в последния (критичния) час at the supreme moment

последна воля a last will

юр. last will and testament

имам последната дума have the final/last word; the final word rests with me

това ли е последната ви дума? is that final?

в последния момент the last moment

до последния момент to the last

купувам с последните си пари buy (s.th.) with the last of o.'s money

последни подробности/щрихи finishing strokes/touches

до последната подробност down to the last detail

за последен път for the last time

когато го видях за последен път when I saw him last, when I last saw him, the last time I saw him

кога го видя за последен път? when did you see him last?

гледам/поглеждам за последен път look o.'s last on s.th., have a last look at s.th.

последно решение a final decision

в последна сметка in the end, in the long run, in the final analysis

последна сричка вж. a final syllable, ultima

с последни усилия by a last effort

последно, колко? how low will you go?

последният му час настъпи his time had come, his dying day had come, he was breathing his last

2. (скорошен, най-нов) recent

(за мода, модел, издание и пр.) new, newest; latest

разг. up-to-the-minute

в последно време for some time past; recently, lately, of late

през последните години during the past years, of recent/latter years

последни новини latest news, stop-press news, ам. news to this hour

облечен по последна мода dressed in the latest fashion

последна мода the latest/newest fashions

последна дума на науката/техниката/модата the latest/last word in science/technology/fashions

в последното си писмо in my last (letter)

3. (най-лош, най-долен) lowest, worst; utmost, uttermost

последно качество the lowest grade, the most inferior quality

последен глупак the world's greatest fool

последен мошеник a scoundrel/swindler of the first water

* * *

послѐден,

прил., -на, -но, -ни 1. ( непоследван от друг) last; ( окончателен) final; (от двама споменати) latter; в \последенния ( критичния) час at the supreme moment; at the eleventh hour; вървя \последенен bring up the rear; до \последенната подробност down to the last detail; до \последенния момент to the last; когато го видях за \последенен път when I saw him last, when I last saw him, the last time I saw him; купувам с \последенните си пари buy (s.th.) with the last of o.’s money; \последенен по ред, но не и по значение last but not least; \последенна воля юр. last will and testament; \последенни подробности/щрихи finishing strokes/touches; \последенният му час настъпи his time had come, his dying day had come, he was breathing his last; \последенният останал жив юр. the longest liver; \последенният от рода си the last of o.’s name; \последенно, колко? how low will you go? с \последенни усилия by a last effort;

2. ( скорошен, най-нов) recent; (за новини) red-hot; (за мода, модел, издание и пр.) new, newest; latest; разг. up-to-the-minute; в \последенно време for some time past; recently, lately, of late; \последенни новини latest news, stop-press news, амер. news to this hour; през \последенните години during the past years, of recent/latter years;

3. ( най-лош, най-долен) lowest, worst; utmost, uttermost; \последенен глупак the world’s greatest fool; \последенен мошеник scoundrel/swindler of the first water.

* * *

last: the последен survivor - последният оцелял; closing: последен stage of development - последен етап на развитие; end: последен decision - последно решение; endmost; final{`fainxl}: последен lap - последна обиколка (сп.); finishing; latter (и като същ. гореспоменат): Have you spoken with the последен? - Говорили ли сте с последния?; lattermost; new{nyu}; outside; recent{`risxnt}; ultimate; uttermost

* * *
1. (за мода, модел, издание и пр.) new, newest;latest 2. (най-лош, най-долен) lowest, wоrst;utmost, uttermost 3. (непоследван от друг) last 4. (окончателен) final 5. (от двама споменати) litter 6. (скорошен, най-нов) recent 7. ПОСЛЕДЕН (решаващ) аргумент the last argument, ultin a ratio 8. ПОСЛЕДЕН глупак the world's greatest fool 9. ПОСЛЕДЕН мошеник a scoundrel/swindler of the first water 10. ПОСЛЕДЕН пo ред, но не и по значение last but not least 11. ПОСЛЕДЕН съм come last 12. ПОСЛЕДЕН съм в класа be (at the) bottom of o.'s form 13. аз ли съм ПОСЛЕДЕН ? am I the last? 14. в последна сметка in the end, in the long run, in the final analysis 15. в последния (критичния) час at the supreme moment 16. в последния момент the last moment 17. в последно време for some time past;recently, lately, of late 18. в последното си писмо in my last (letter) 19. вървя ПОСЛЕДЕН bring up the rear 20. гледам/поглеждам за ПОСЛЕДЕН път look o.'s last on s.th., have a last look at s.th. 21. до последната подробност down to the last detail 22. до последния момент to the last 23. за ПОСЛЕДЕН път for the last time 24. имам последната дума have the final/last word;the final word rests with me 25. кога го видя за ПОСЛЕДЕН път? when did you see him last? 26. когато го видях за ПОСЛЕДЕН път when I saw him last, when I last saw him, the last time I saw him 27. купувам с последните си пари buy (s.th.) with the last of o.'s money 28. облечен по последна мода dressed in the latest fashion 29. последна воля a last will 30. последна дума на науката/техниката/модата the latest/last word in sciencе/technоlogy/fashions 31. последна мода the latest/newest fashions 32. последна сричка ез. a final syllable, ultima 33. последни подробности/щрихи finishing strokes/touches 34. последни новини latest news, stop-press news, ам. news to this hour 35. последният му час настъпи his time had come, his dying day had come, he was breathing his last 36. последният останал жив юр. the longest liver 37. последният от рода си the last of o.'s name 38. последно качество the lowest grade, the most inferior quality 39. последно решение a final decision 40. последно сбогом а last adieu;a last farewell 41. последно, колко? how low will you go? 42. през последните години during the past years, of recent/latter years 43. разг. up-to-the-minute 44. с последни усилия by a last effort 45. това ли е последната ви дума? is that final? 46. юр. last will and testament

Български-английски речник > последен
19 Gewerbe

Gewerbe n GEN, IND business, industry, trade (No exact English equivalent, but the following six meanings convey the diverse aspects: 1. business (als Gegensatz zu Freizeitaktivität, as distinct from leisure-time activities); 2. industry (im Sinne von ‚gewerbliche Wirtschaft’, including mining, craft trades, commerce, transport, catering, banking & insurance, and other services, i.e. excluding farming); 3. a segment of the economy, as above, specified in the Gewerbeordnung = Industrial Code, but excluding mining; 4. all small and medium-sized goods-producing businesses = mittelständisches Gewerbe; 5. trade (small manufacturers and traders = Kleingewerbe); 6. last but not least: the world’s oldest profession = das älteste Gewerbe der Welt. Steuerrechtliche Kriterien: Selbstständige, planmäßige, nachhaltige (auch sittenwidrige) Betätigung, Beteiligung am allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Verkehr, Gewinnerzielungsabsicht) • ein Gewerbe betreiben als GEN trade as • ein Gewerbe treiben als GEN trade as
* * *

n <Geschäft, Ind> business, industry, trade (No exact English equivalent, but the following six meanings convey the diverse aspects

: 1. business (als Gegensatz zu Freizeitaktivität, as distinct from leisure-time activities) ; 2. industry (im Sinne von 'gewerbliche Wirtschaft', including mining, craft trades, commerce, transport, catering, banking & insurance, and other services, i.e. excluding farming) ; 3. a segment of the economy, as above, specified in the Gewerbeordnung = Industrial Code, but excluding mining ; 4. all small and medium-sized goods-producing businesses = mittelständisches Gewerbe ; 5. trade (small manufacturers and traders = Kleingewerbe) ; 6. last but not least: the world's oldest profession = das älteste Gewerbe der Welt. Steuerrechtliche Kriterien: Selbständige, planmäßige, nachhaltige (auch sittenwidrige) Betätigung, Beteiligung am allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Verkehr, Gewinnerzielungsabsicht) ■ ein Gewerbe betreiben als < Geschäft> trade as ■ ein Gewerbe treiben als < Geschäft> trade as
--------
: damit verbundene Gewerbe

< Ind> allied industries, associated industries

* * *
Gewerbe
business, trade, (Beruf) calling, profession, occupation, vocation, shop, job (US), (Handwerk) craft, (Industrie) industry, (Industriezweig) line of business, branch of industry;
• ambulantes Gewerbe itinerant trade (trading), runaway shop, travelling vendors, peddlery (US), pedlary (Br.), peddling;;
• Anstoß erregendes Gewerbe offensive trade;
• aufblühendes Gewerbe boom industry;
• noch in der Entstehung begriffenes Gewerbe embryo industry;
• besonderes Gewerbe particular branch;
• im kleinsten Umfang betriebenes Gewerbe microbusiness;
• Dienst leistendes Gewerbe service industries;
• dunkles Gewerbe shady business;
• ehrbares Gewerbe honest trade, gentle calling;
• einträgliches Gewerbe profitable trade;
• energieintensive Gewerbe energy-intense industries;
• gefährliches Gewerbe dangerous trade (industry);
• genehmigungspflichtiges Gewerbe trade subject to a licence, licence case (US);
• gesundheitsschädliches Gewerbe offensive trade;
• grafisches Gewerbe printing trade;
• handwerkliches Gewerbe handicraft [business], craftman's establishment;
• kaufmännisches Gewerbe merchanthood, merchantry, business (commercial) occupation;
• konzessioniertes Gewerbe licensed traffic;
• landwirtschaftliches Gewerbe non-commercial trade;
• im öffentlichen Interesse liegendes Gewerbe business affected with a public interest;
• modeabhängiges Gewerbe fashionable trade;
• nützliches Gewerbe useful trade;
• ortsansässiges Gewerbe local trade;
• nicht registriertes Gewerbe unincorporated enterprise;
• schmutziges Gewerbe no lawful trade;
• sittenwidriges Gewerbe immoral trade;
• stehendes Gewerbe non-itinerant trading;
• durch Industriealisierung überholtes Gewerbe industry by-passed by industrialization;
• unterentlohntes Gewerbe sweatshop industry;
• verbotenes Gewerbe no lawful trade;
• zünftiges Gewerbe incorporated trade;
• Handel und Gewerbe commerce and industry;
• Gewerbe belästigender Art noxious trade;
• Gewerbe der Steuerumgehung tax avoidance industry;
• Gewerbe im Umherziehen runaway shop, itinerant trade (trading), peddlery, pedlary;
• sein Kapital in einem Gewerbe anlegen to buy o. s. into an industry;
• Gewerbe anmelden to register a trade (business);
• Gewerbe ansiedeln to locate industry;
• Gewerbe ausüben (betreiben) to carry on (drive, exercise, ply, pursue, follow) a trade, to run a business (US);
• Gewerbe beginnen to open a trade;
• Gewerbe nach kaufmännischen Gesichtspunkten betreiben to carry on a trade on a commercial basis;
• auf Gewinn gerichtetes Gewerbe betreiben to carry on business in common with a view to profit;
• Gewerbe erlernen to learn a trade;
• sein Gewerbe bei erkannter Insolvenz fortsetzen to continue trading after knowledge of insolvency;
• etw. zum Gewerbe machen to professionalize s. th.;
• einem Gewerbe nachgehen to prosecute (ply) a trade, to pursue a line of business;
• seinem Gewerbe nachgehen to go about one’s lawful occasions;
• Gewerbeanmeldung registration of business;
• Gewerbeantrag business application;
• Gewerbeantragsteller commercial applicant;
• Gewerbeaufseher factory inspector, industrial executive (US);
• Gewerbeaufsicht factory (labo(u)r, trade) inspection;
• Gewerbeaufsichtamt factory inspectorate division, industrial executive (US);
• Gewerbeaufsichtswesen factoryship;
• Gewerbeausbildung industrial training;
• Gewerbeausbildungsgesetz Industrial Training Act (Br.);
• Gewerbeausschuss trade committee;
• Gewerbeausschuss für das Hotel- und Gaststättenwesen Hotel and Catering Industry Board (Br.);
• Gewerbeausstellung industrial (trade) exhibition, trade fair (Br.);
• Gewerbeausübung exercise (pursuit, conduct) of a trade;
• Gewerbebank industrial bank;
• Gewerbebeeinträchtigung interference with trade;
• Gewerbe befugnis, Gewerbeberechtigung [business (trade)] licence, commercial privilege, letters of business (Br.), concession (US);
• ausschließliche Gewerbeberechtigung monopoly;
• Gewerbeberechtigung entziehen to withdraw the operating licence;
• Gewerbebesteuerung business taxation.

Business german-english dictionary > Gewerbe
20 и последнее, но не самое маловажное

И последнее, но не самое маловажное -- and the last, but not (the) least; and finally, but not least
And finally, but not least, its properties are well known.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > и последнее, но не самое маловажное

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and last but not least

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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and last but not least

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